{"numFound":133,"page":1,"rows":20,"url":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/cmp/documents?facet=impScale%7CRiver+reach&facet=impScale%7CRegional&facet=impScale%7Cnational&facet=impScale%7CCatchment&facet=impScale%7CNational","nextPage":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/cmp/documents?page=2&facet=impScale%7CRiver+reach&facet=impScale%7CRegional&facet=impScale%7Cnational&facet=impScale%7CCatchment&facet=impScale%7CNational","results":[{"catalogue":"cmp","description":"QUESTOR modelling shows that all the mitigation methods applied can reduce the amount of Chlorophyll-a predicted to occur in the river. The extent of the reduction is different depending on the data used to drive the QUESTOR model. The effect of increasing the shading (from 20-60%) declines downstream as the river becomes too wide for trees to provide shade.","documentType":"IMP_DOCUMENT","identifier":"edddc8d0-4389-4d6d-981b-e076fc9034f1","impCaMMPIssues":["Other Services","Confidence levels"],"impScale":["River reach"],"impTopic":["Water quality"],"impWaterPollutant":["Phosphorus","Nitrogen","Biological quality"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Water quality","River reach","Phosphorus","Other Services","Nitrogen","Confidence levels","Biological quality"],"recordType":"Case Study","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/edddc8d0-4389-4d6d-981b-e076fc9034f1"],"resourceType":"Case Study","state":"published","title":"Case Study 5: Uncertainty in ecological responses to water quality control measures at the river basin scale. ","version":1.0,"view":["public","jaccos"],"shortenedDescription":"QUESTOR modelling shows that all the mitigation methods applied can reduce the amount of Chlorophyll-a predicted to occur in the river. The extent of the reduction is different depending on the data used to drive the QUESTOR model. The effect of increasing the shading..."},{"publicationDate":"2015-11-05T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","University of Birmingham"],"authorGivenName":["D.","P.","R.","E.","I.","J.","C.I.","N."],"authorFamilyName":["Leach","Henville","Wyatt","Hewitt","Morrissey","Weller","Tindall","Bachiller-Jareno"],"authorFullName":["Leach, D.","Henville, P.","Wyatt, R.","Hewitt, E.","Morrissey, I.","Weller, J.","Tindall, C.I.","Bachiller-Jareno, N."],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/03angcq70"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"Continuous measurements of rainfall from the Frome Piddle; Pang Lambourn and Tern catchments, recorded between 2002 and 2007. Continuous recording rain gauges were installed at six sites in these catchments to record 15 minute rainfall data for differing periods at the varying sites. The instruments were installed as part of the NERC funded Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) Programme to provide comparable baseline rainfall data across the LOCAR catchments.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"ab55f557-a8a7-42bf-acb0-952bb190b985","impDataType":["Tabular","Time Series"],"impScale":["Catchment"],"impTopic":["Water Quality","Weather"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["N.","D.","P.","R.","E.","I.","J.","C.I."],"familyName":["Bachiller-Jareno","Leach","Henville","Wyatt","Hewitt","Morrissey","Weller","Tindall"],"fullName":["Bachiller-Jareno, N.","Leach, D.","Henville, P.","Wyatt, R.","Hewitt, E.","Morrissey, I.","Weller, J.","Tindall, C.I."],"keyword":["Tabular","Time Series","Catchment","Water Quality","Weather","Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) Programme","Hydrology","atmospheric precipitation","meteorological parameter"],"keywordsProject":["Lowland Catchment Research (LOCAR) Programme"],"keywordsTheme":["Hydrology"],"keywordsOther":["atmospheric precipitation","meteorological parameter"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"The rainfall data were measured using an automatic tipping bucket rain gauge. The gauge consisted of a funnel that collected and channelled the precipitation into a small seesaw-like container. After a pre-set amount of precipitation fell, the bucket tipped, dumping the collected water. The tips were converted into 15 minute rainfall data values and stored on the connected logger. The Catchment Service Team in each catchment was responsible for installing, maintaining and downloading the loggers on the rain gauges on a regular basis. The data are raw and have not been quality controlled.","locations":["POLYGON((-3 50.5, -3 53.2, -0.8 53.2, -0.8 50.5, -3 50.5))"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","University of Birmingham","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["1426781481610","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/3ab4545b-2453-4bdf-9b48-552748632cdd","10.5285/3ab4545b-2453-4bdf-9b48-552748632cdd"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/03angcq70","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Continuous measurements of rainfall (2002-2007) [LOCAR]","topic":["0/Hydrology/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"Continuous measurements of rainfall from the Frome Piddle; Pang Lambourn and Tern catchments, recorded between 2002 and 2007. Continuous recording rain gauges were installed at six sites in these catchments to record 15 minute rainfall data for differing periods at..."},{"catalogue":"cmp","description":"INCA-P operates at a daily time step, tracking the stores and fluxes of water, sediment, dissolved and particulate P in both the land and in-stream phases of a river catchment. The model is spatially ‘semi-distributed’: the water course is split into reaches with associated sub-catchments. Two spatial set-ups are possible – the traditional set-up, in which there is a single main stem, or a ‘branched’ set-up. The latter allows in-stream processes, effluent inputs and residence times in tributaries to be simulated, and can be particularly useful in larger catchments or complex river networks. Each sub-catchment is split into landscape classes – there can be as many of these as desired or warranted by the data resolution or needs of the study. Landscape classes are “functional units” and within each unit P inputs, plant P uptake, soils and flow pathways should be similar, though for convenience classes are often based on land use and/or soil type. All land-based processes are calculated for a generic 1 km2 cell for each landscape class within each sub-catchment. Water, sediment, total dissolved P (TDP) and particulate P (PP) outputs from the 1 km2 cell for each land class are multiplied by the land class area, and summed to provide total inputs from the sub-catchment to the reach. These inputs are assumed to enter the stream reach directly, rather than being routed spatially from one land class to another. Reach inputs are therefore from the land phase and from any upstream reaches.","documentType":"IMP_DOCUMENT","identifier":"dc139812-d332-44fb-8fc4-f9943652d1ef","impCaMMPIssues":["Transferability","Pollution Source","Management outcome","Confidence levels","Climate Change"],"impDataType":["Time series"],"impScale":["River reach","Catchment","catchment"],"impTopic":["Water quality","River flow and networks","Non-agricultural pollution","Land use","Climate scenarios","Catchments and topography"],"impWaterPollutant":["Sediment","Phosphorus"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Water quality","Transferability","Time series","Sediment","River reach","River flow and networks","Pollution Source","Phosphorus","Non-agricultural pollution","Management outcome","Land use","Confidence levels","Climate scenarios","Climate Change","Catchments and topography","Catchment"],"recordType":"Model (UKCEH)","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/dc139812-d332-44fb-8fc4-f9943652d1ef"],"resourceType":"Model (UKCEH)","state":"published","title":"INCA-P  (Integrated Catchments Model - Phosphorus dynamics)","version":1.0,"view":["public","jaccos"],"shortenedDescription":"INCA-P operates at a daily time step, tracking the stores and fluxes of water, sediment, dissolved and particulate P in both the land and in-stream phases of a river catchment. The model is spatially ‘semi-distributed’: the water course is split into reaches with associated..."},{"publicationDate":"2014-05-09T00:00:00.000+00:00","catalogue":"cmp","description":"Dataset of 5350 water monitoring sites in Scotland measured by SEPA for a variety of purposes. The dataset consists of site locations in British National Grid or Lat/Long WGS84, describing aspects of each site and the monitoring activity including: medium (14 including river, loch, marine, estuary and groundwater; water, biota and morphology); purpose of the monitoring (50 including WFD, Bathing Waters Directive, Effluent screening, Agricultural impacts); analytic function (30 including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, metals chemistry, marine biology, microbiology, invertebrates, algae, phytoplankton and zooplankton), and approximate annual frequency of the monitoring.\n\nMonitoring data itself can be requested from SEPA.\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","identifier":"3514349c-87d8-4b88-a816-0e56e11005c4","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Site Specific Data","Water Quality"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Site Specific Data","Water Quality"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"Unknown","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 54.634, -8.648 60.861, -0.728 60.861, -0.728 54.634, -8.648 54.634))"],"organisation":["Scottish Environmental Protection Agency"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/3514349c-87d8-4b88-a816-0e56e11005c4"],"resourceStatus":"Unknown","resourceType":"Dataset","state":"published","title":"SEPA Water Monitoring sites","version":1.0,"view":["public","mfry"],"shortenedDescription":"Dataset of 5350 water monitoring sites in Scotland measured by SEPA for a variety of purposes. The dataset consists of site locations in British National Grid or Lat/Long WGS84, describing aspects of each site and the monitoring activity including: medium (14 including..."},{"catalogue":"cmp","description":"The Farm Business Survey (FBS) provides information on the financial, physical and environmental performance of farm businesses in England to inform and evaluate policy decisions. The FBS is intended to serve the needs of farmers, farming and land management interest groups, government, government partners and researchers. Survey results typically give comparisons between groups of businesses, e.g between regions or between farm types. The results attracting most attention are on farm incomes and productivity. Some of the results are produced and published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), whilst others are produced and published by the Rural Business Research (RBR) team.\n\nThe farm business survey produces a number of reports, the most influential of which are.\n\nFarm Accounts (1999-2015) in England is the primary publication from the Farm Business Survey. It provides information on farm incomes, outputs and costs for the various farm types, farm sizes, regions and economic performance. This report can also include information on weather, diversification and succession .\n\nFarm Business Income (2011-15) - Annual statistics on farm business income in England.\n\nFarm Household Income and Household Composition (2005-2015) - Data on farm household income, which comprises Farm Business Income (including that from diversified enterprises), the off-farm income of the principal farmer and their spouse/common law partner and income from other household members. Information also on household composition and farm net worth and assets.\n\nFarm Rents (1968-2015) - Annual statistics about average farm rents in England.\n\nFarmer’s intentions (2010-11, 2013-14) - Farmers’ aspirations and plans for the whole business and for individual enterprises.\n\nWater usage on farms (2009-10, 2013-15) - Estimates of water use on farms in England.\n\nOther analysis from the farm business survey include - \n\nAnimal health and welfare (2005-6, 2011-12) - Extensive information on cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.\n\nBalance sheet analysis and farm performance (2010-11, 2012-13) - This release presents the main results from an analysis of the profitability and resilience of farms in England.\n\nCountryside maintenance and management (2005-11) - Number of farms participating in countryside management and maintenance activity (CMMA) and costs involved. Participation in different types of CMMA also documented (e.g Soil and water protection)\n\nFarm business management practices (2010-11) - Information on farmers qualifications and relevant skills across farm types. Computer usage information also there.\n\nFarm diversification (1998-2010) - Number of holdings participating in some form of diversification, by type of diversification, farm size and farm type. Later reports include the contribution of diversification to farm income. This is now included under farm accounts.\n\nFarm energy use ( 2007-2008, 2011-2012) - Fuel use, fertiliser use, minimum tillage information, dairy feed intake, straw baling, contractor use\n\nFarm Succession (2013-14) - Data about the presence and nature of farm business succession arrangements.\n\nFertiliser usage on farms (2012-15) - Data (by region) on the quantities of nutrients from manufactured fertilisers that were applied from a subset of farms within the main survey. The use of precision farming techniques, soil nutrient software, clover and legumes in grass swards, green manures and areas subject to fertiliser restrictions. \n\nMilk selling arrangements (2010) - Data on the milk selling arrangements of Dairy Farmers.\n\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","identifier":"0e1bb9f5-6154-4f26-91df-7bca7e3ce38d","impDataType":["Tabular"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Land Use","Agricultural Practices","Greenhouse Gas Fluxes"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Agriculture","Land use","Tabular","National","Land Use","Agricultural Practices","Greenhouse Gas Fluxes"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","locations":["POLYGON((-6.4526 49.864, -6.4526 55.812, 1.7675 55.812, 1.7675 49.864, -6.4526 49.864))"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0e1bb9f5-6154-4f26-91df-7bca7e3ce38d"],"resourceStatus":"Unknown","resourceType":"Dataset","state":"published","title":"Defra Farm Business Survey (1999-2015)","version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri","mfry"],"shortenedDescription":"The Farm Business Survey (FBS) provides information on the financial, physical and environmental performance of farm businesses in England to inform and evaluate policy decisions. The FBS is intended to serve the needs of farmers, farming and land management interest..."},{"catalogue":"cmp","description":"Using the water quality models, SAGIS-SIMCAT and SWAT, a reduction in the risk of exceeding drinking water quality standards at a water treatment works intake was shown for nutrients and metaldehyde as a result of introducing farm measures. The costs of these measures were then compared to the economic benefits of reduced risk.","documentType":"IMP_DOCUMENT","identifier":"0459768f-0b92-46f8-ba0a-a05062223234","impCaMMPIssues":["Pollution Source","Management outcome","Cost Effectiveness"],"impScale":["Catchment"],"impTopic":["Water quality"],"impWaterPollutant":["Phosphorus","Nitrogen","Metaldehyde"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Water quality","Pollution Source","Phosphorus","Nitrogen","Metaldehyde","Management outcome","Cost Effectiveness","Catchment"],"recordType":"Case Study","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0459768f-0b92-46f8-ba0a-a05062223234"],"resourceType":"Case Study","state":"published","title":"Case Study 3: Costs and benefits of mitigation measures to reduce pollutant concentrations for the protection of drinking water in river-systems upstream of intakes.","version":1.0,"view":["public","jaccos"],"shortenedDescription":"Using the water quality models, SAGIS-SIMCAT and SWAT, a reduction in the risk of exceeding drinking water quality standards at a water treatment works intake was shown for nutrients and metaldehyde as a result of introducing farm measures. The costs of these measures..."},{"publicationDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["R.M.","G.M.","J.M.","R.A.","A.G.","R.","N.J.","R.T.","P.","F.F."],"authorFamilyName":["Fuller","Smith","Sanderson","Hill","Thomson","Cox","Brown","Clarke","Rothery","Gerard"],"authorFullName":["Fuller, R.M.","Smith, G.M.","Sanderson, J.M.","Hill, R.A.","Thomson, A.G.","Cox, R.","Brown, N.J.","Clarke, R.T.","Rothery, P.","Gerard, F.F."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-5174"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"This dataset consists of the vector version of the Land Cover Map 2000 for Great Britain, containing individual parcels of land cover (the highest available resolution). Level 2 & Level 3 attributes are available. Level 2, the standard level of detail, provides 26 LCM2000 target or ('sub') classes. This is the most widely used version of the dataset. Level 3 gives higher class detail. However, the quality of this level of detail may vary in different areas of the country, requiring expert interpretation. The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2000. LCM2000 is a parcel-based thematic classification of satellite image data covering the entire United Kingdom. The map updates and upgrades the Land Cover Map of Great Britain (LCMGB) 1990. Like the earlier 1990 products, LCM2000 is derived from a computer classification of satellite scenes obtained mainly from Landsat, IRS and SPOT sensors and also incorporates information derived from other ancillary datasets. LCM2000 was classified using a nomenclature corresponding to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompasses the entire range of UK habitats. In addition, it recorded further detail where possible. The series of LCM2000 products includes vector and raster formats, with a number of different versions containing varying levels of detail and at different spatial resolutions.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"69e41066-f171-40b4-b819-fad457d9d4a3","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Land Cover"],"incomingCitationCount":1,"givenName":["Dan","R.M.","G.M.","J.M.","R.A.","A.G.","R.","N.J.","R.T.","P.","F.F."],"familyName":["Morton","Fuller","Smith","Sanderson","Hill","Thomson","Cox","Brown","Clarke","Rothery","Gerard"],"fullName":["Morton, D.","Fuller, R.M.","Smith, G.M.","Sanderson, J.M.","Hill, R.A.","Thomson, A.G.","Cox, R.","Brown, N.J.","Clarke, R.T.","Rothery, P.","Gerard, F.F."],"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Land Cover","Great Britain","Land cover","Mapping","Habitats","land cover"],"keywordsPlace":["Great Britain"],"keywordsTheme":["Land cover","Mapping"],"keywordsOther":["Habitats","land cover"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"In a major development of earlier methods, LCM2000 used image segmentation to identify land parcels in the pixel-based images. An automated procedure grouped the image pixels into spectrally 'uniform' segments. These were built around 'seedpoints' selected to avoid parcel boundaries. The segmentation recorded a field-by-field pattern, also separating land use zones within urban and suburban areas, and subdividing mosaics of semi-natural vegetation. Generalisation gave minimum mappable units of a half hectare. A 'vector' version was then created in the geographical information system (GIS), where the boundaries between the pixel-based segments were represented by digital linework. The resultant land parcels were treated as GIS objects to which attribute data could then be attached covering such topics as land cover class, parcel area, length of boundary, processing history, knowledge-based correction and identification of the original satellite scene. The raster products have been derived from the vector dataset. LCM2000 was produced at CEH Monks Wood. For further information on the methodology developed and used to create Land Cover Map 2000, see on-line supporting documentation.","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-5174"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Natural Environment Research Council","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["1287415406672","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/b79e887e-a2a7-4224-8fd7-e78066b950b3","10.5285/b79e887e-a2a7-4224-8fd7-e78066b950b3"],"resourceStatus":"Controlled","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/02b5d8509","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","supplementalDescription":["Fuller, R.M., Smith, G.M., Sanderson, J.M., Hill, R.A., & Thomson, A.G. (2002). The UK Land Cover Map 2000: construction of a parcel-based vector map from satellite images. Cartographic Journal, 39. 15-25."],"title":"Land Cover Map 2000 (vector, GB)","topic":["0/Land cover/","0/Mapping/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset consists of the vector version of the Land Cover Map 2000 for Great Britain, containing individual parcels of land cover (the highest available resolution). Level 2 & Level 3 attributes are available. Level 2, the standard level of detail, provides 26 LCM2000..."},{"publicationDate":"1993-12-15T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Met Office"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"Rainfall averages for UK over the 30-year 1961-1990, interpolated to a 1 km grid. This 30-year period is a Primary Reference Period recommended by World Meteorological Organisation.\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","identifier":"2a2b1b05-a30f-4e04-9b37-75fa5ef5c26b","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Weather"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Weather"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"Rainfall Averages for 1961/90 have been calculated from monthly values assembled from the Met Office Climatological Data Archive for stations open at some time during 1961-90. The monthly totals were compared automatically with nearby stations. Seriously discrepant values were inspected manually were either corrected or discarded. Missing and discarded observations were replaced by estimates calculated by regression against observations from up to 6 nearby long period stations. Average Annual Rainfall values were analysed by determining a fitting equation for each 10km square. The natural logarithm of the rainfall was related to 32 variables which included: relative geographical position (using a quadric representation in National Grid easting and northing), the ratio of land to sea within 3.5km, the local terrain height and a further 21heights at distances of 1km, 3.5km and 12km. The fitting method used an iterative regression on the residuals specially devised to avoid over-fitting. Rainfall values were weighted according to the number of years each station was open during 1961-90 and their distance from the square. The number of station values used for each square depended on the data density and ranged from about 20 within 75km in sparse data areas to about 70 within 15km where data were most plentiful. Final rainfall estimates were obtained bi-linearly interpolating the values calculated from the fitting functions for each of the 4 nearest squares. The resulting Standard Error of these values, worked out from those station averages based on more than 15 years of data, ranges from better than 2% in topographically simple areas to worse than 5% in some upland areas. Monthly values have been obtained by generating the percentage of annual average on a grid with a 5km spacing. These values were obtained as a weighted average of nearby station values where the weights depended on the distance of the station and the period for which data were available.\nFor further information see [1]\n\n[1] Spackman, E. 1993. Calculation and Mapping of Rainfall Averages for 1961-90, University of Salford, Manchester, 15th Dec. ","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))","POLYGON((-8.178 54.022, -8.178 55.313, -5.432 55.313, -5.432 54.022, -8.178 54.022))"],"organisation":["Met Office"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/2a2b1b05-a30f-4e04-9b37-75fa5ef5c26b"],"resourceStatus":"Unknown","resourceType":"Dataset","state":"published","title":"Standardised Annual Average Rainfall (1961-90) [SAAR 61-90]","version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri","mfry"],"shortenedDescription":"Rainfall averages for UK over the 30-year 1961-1990, interpolated to a 1 km grid. This 30-year period is a Primary Reference Period recommended by World Meteorological Organisation.\n"},{"publicationDate":"2014-07-23T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["R.D.","C.S.","C.M.","L.","C.G.","G.M."],"authorFamilyName":["Morton","Rowland","Wood","Meek","Marston","Smith"],"authorFullName":["Morton, R.D.","Rowland, C.S.","Wood, C.M.","Meek, L.","Marston, C.G.","Smith, G.M."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-6463","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-506X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-2187"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"This dataset consists of the vector version of the Land Cover Map 2007 for Great Britain, containing individual parcels of land cover. The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2007. LCM2007 is a parcel-based thematic classification of satellite image data covering the entire United Kingdom. The map updates and upgrades the Land Cover Map of Great Britain (LCMGB) 1990 and LCM2000. Like the earlier 1990 and 2000 products, LCM2007 is derived from a computer classification of satellite scenes obtained mainly from Landsat, IRS and SPOT sensors and also incorporates information derived from other ancillary datasets. LCM2007 was classified using a nomenclature corresponding to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Broad Habitats, which encompasses the entire range of UK habitats. In addition, it recorded further detail where possible. The series of LCM2007 products includes vector and raster formats, with a number of different versions containing varying levels of detail and at different spatial resolutions.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"4fa21756-099c-426a-bc6c-300b56027dcd","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Land Cover"],"incomingCitationCount":4,"givenName":["R.D.","C.S.","C.M.","L.","C.G.","G.M."],"familyName":["Morton","Rowland","Wood","Meek","Marston","Smith"],"fullName":["Morton, R.D.","Rowland, C.S.","Wood, C.M.","Meek, L.","Marston, C.G.","Smith, G.M."],"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Land Cover","Great Britain","England","Scotland","Wales","Land cover"],"keywordsPlace":["Great Britain","England","Scotland","Wales"],"keywordsOther":["Land cover"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"LCM2007 uses a spatial framework based on OS MasterMap (R). MasterMap was generalised to remove unnecessary detail, then the framework was segmented according to the underlying satellite data to split areas of non-uniform landscape. The data was classified according to a parcel-based supervised maximum likelihood classification procedure. The raster products are derived from the vector products. Version 1.2 includes the addition of OS tile HZ. See online documentation for further details. ","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-6463","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-506X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-2187"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["1399374764702","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/2ab0b6d8-6558-46cf-9cf0-1e46b3587f13","10.5285/2ab0b6d8-6558-46cf-9cf0-1e46b3587f13"],"resourceStatus":"Controlled","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","supplementalDescription":["R.D. Morton, C. Rowland, C. Wood, L. Meek, C. Marston, G. Smith, R. Wadsworth, I. Simpson. July 2011 CS Technical Report No 11/07: Final Report for LCM2007 - the new UK land cover map. NERC/Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH Project Number NEC03259)."],"title":"Land Cover Map 2007 (vector, GB) v1.2","version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset consists of the vector version of the Land Cover Map 2007 for Great Britain, containing individual parcels of land cover. The dataset is part of a series of data products produced by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology known as LCM2007. LCM2007 is a parcel-based..."},{"publicationDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00.000+00:00","catalogue":"cmp","description":"EA Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy (CAMS) Boundaries are reference boundaries defining areas where technical assesment on future water availability and demand has been undertaken. The technical assessemtn helps identify where water may be available for future use but also where water resource demands may be impacting the water balacence. The CAMS boundaries should be used on a national (England and Wales) scale to show the geographical distribution of CAMS and are not suitable for detailed technical assessments. The boundaries may be subject to change based on the Environment Agency's technical and catchment understanding. The data was created in 2009.","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","identifier":"c75c0b83-6b84-4462-a4b5-637484d9f339","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National","Catchment"],"impTopic":["Catchments and Topography","Water Use"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Catchment","Catchments and Topography","Water Use"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","locations":["POLYGON((-6.4526 49.864, -6.4526 55.812, 1.7675 55.812, 1.7675 49.864, -6.4526 49.864))"],"organisation":["Environment Agency"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/c75c0b83-6b84-4462-a4b5-637484d9f339"],"resourceStatus":"Unknown","resourceType":"Dataset","state":"published","title":"EA Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy (CAMS) Boundaries","version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri","mfry"],"shortenedDescription":"EA Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy (CAMS) Boundaries are reference boundaries defining areas where technical assesment on future water availability and demand has been undertaken. The technical assessemtn helps identify where water may be available for future..."},{"publicationDate":"2015-02-05T00:00:00.000+00:00","altTitle":["IHU Sections"],"authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["F.","M.","H."],"authorFamilyName":["Kral","Fry","Dixon"],"authorFullName":["Kral, F.","Fry, M.","Dixon, H."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-063X"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"This dataset is part of Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) of the UK, a set of geographical reference units for hydrological purposes including river flow measurement and hydrometric data collection. A Section is the drainage area of a watercourse between two confluences. Only confluences of named watercourses were considered. Each Section carries a name constructed from names of the major river flowing through the Section, the major river flowing into the Section, and the major river into which the Section flows. Sections are spatially consistent with Groups: each Group is made up of one or more Section. Each Section is associated with one Catchment representing the full area upstream from the Section outlet. Identifiers and attributes have been calculated so that direct upstream and direct downstream IHU units can be selected. This layer currently covers Great Britain only as no dataset with river geometries and names with suitable detail is available for Northern Ireland.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"269e70f7-caf1-488d-910a-25f8a69ab535","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Catchments and Topography"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["F.","M.","H."],"familyName":["Kral","Fry","Dixon"],"fullName":["Kral, F.","Fry, M.","Dixon, H."],"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Catchments and Topography","United Kingdom","Great Britain","England","Wales","Scotland","Hydrology","hydrology","watershed","catchment"],"keywordsPlace":["United Kingdom","Great Britain","England","Wales","Scotland"],"keywordsTheme":["Hydrology"],"keywordsOther":["hydrology","watershed","catchment"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"The main inputs for development of Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) of the UK were data held by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Specifically, the cumulative catchment area raster and outflow raster from the Integrated Hydrological Digital Terrain Model (IHDTM) [1]. The vast majority of the watercourse names come from the subset of CEH UK river centreline network enriched by names from Ordnance Survey 1:50K Gazetteer [2]. Some names were obtained from or verified using other readily available sources like OpenStreetMap (openstreetmap.org) and WikiPedia (wikipedia.org). Bespoke FORTRAN functions, part of the CEH Flood Estimation Handbook code set, were used for catchment delineation. These functions enable sensible interlocking catchments boundaries to be created for the whole IHDTM surface. The option that does not leave gaps between catchments was specified [1]. Except for the catchment delineation, ArcGIS was used as the main GIS platform. Custom Python code was developed to drive the whole process and to perform hierarchical and network tasks. The full name of each IHU Section was derived from three rivers defining the section: the largest (in terms of cumulative catchment area) inflowing river other than the main river in the Section, the main river in the Section, and the largest river flowing into the downstream Section. If no such inflows exist, words 'Source', 'Sea', or the name of the main river in the downstream Section are used as appropriate. A similar approach was adopted for IHU Group names, although group names were edited manually to a great extent to ensure they are simple and readily understood. \n\n[1] Morris, D.G. and Flavin, R.W. 1990. A Digital Terrain Model for Hydrology. Proc 4th Int. Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. Zurich, 1, 250-262. \n[2] Moore R V, Morris D G and Flavin R W, 1994. Sub-set of UK digital 1:50,000 scale river centreline network. NERC, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford.","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-063X"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","National River Flow Archive","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["1425380883797","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/a6e37e39-9e10-4647-a110-12d902403095","10.5285/a6e37e39-9e10-4647-a110-12d902403095"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","supplementalDescription":["The National River Flow Archive (NRFA) holds a wide range of hydrological information to assist in the understanding and interpretation of river flows. In addition to time series of gauged river flow, NRFA maintains hydrometric information relating to the gauging stations and the catchments they command and data quantifying other parts of the hydrological cycle."],"title":"Integrated Hydrological Units of the United Kingdom: Sections","topic":["0/Hydrology/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset is part of Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) of the UK, a set of geographical reference units for hydrological purposes including river flow measurement and hydrometric data collection. A Section is the drainage area of a watercourse between two confluences...."},{"altTitle":["G-BASE"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"Natural abundances of chemical elements in stream sediments, stream water and soil samples systematically collected since 1968. The average sample density for stream sediments and water is about one site per 1.5-2km square, and for soils one site per 2km square. \n\nThe data provide baseline information on the natural abundances of elements, against which anomalous values due to such factors as mineralisation and industrial contamination may be compared. \n\nAnalysed elements include Ag, As, B, Ba, Bi, Be, Ca, Ce, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Y, Zn, and Zr in stream sediments and soils and alkalinity, pH, conductivity, F and U and some for multi-element analyses including Al, Cl, Na, Si, SO4,NO4, and TOC for water. \n\nData products are available for partial Great Britain coverage, for the South-West, and for soils in UK urban areas.\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","identifier":"fbd25daa-e5d8-4c5e-801f-f0ad25b65d46","impDataType":["Tabular"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Soil"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["National","Soil","Tabular"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"The regional Geochemical Baseline Survey of the Environment (G-BASE) project has collected samples at a density of one sample per 2 km2; from mostly agricultural fields. Each sample site has a surface (5-20 cm) and a profile (35-50 cm) sample. Inorganic analytical data are available for over 50 determinands. High density soil geochemical data are also available for 25 major cities and towns of Great Britain. Soil samples were collected as part of the Geochemical Baseline Survey of the Environment (G-BASE) project at a density of four sites per 1 km2 within the build-up areas. At each sampling site a surface (5-20 cm) and a profile (35-50 cm) sample were collected (and a third topsoil sample from 0-2 cm across Greater London).\nAnalytical precision is high with strict quality control to ensure countrywide consistency. Results have been standardised to ensure seamless joins between geochemical sampling campaigns. The analysis is done on the 150 microns fraction of soil and stream sediment samples. The project now routinely determines the elements listed in the <2mm fraction of surface soils.","locations":["POLYGON((-6.4526 49.864, -6.4526 55.812, 1.7675 55.812, 1.7675 49.864, -6.4526 49.864))","POLYGON((-8.648 54.634, -8.648 60.861, -0.728 60.861, -0.728 54.634, -8.648 54.634))","POLYGON((-5.473 51.375, -5.473 53.434, -2.654 53.434, -2.654 51.375, -5.473 51.375))","POLYGON((-8.178 54.022, -8.178 55.313, -5.432 55.313, -5.432 54.022, -8.178 54.022))","POLYGON((-8.648393 49.86382, -8.648393 60.86099, 1.767549 60.86099, 1.767549 49.86382, -8.648393 49.86382))"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/fbd25daa-e5d8-4c5e-801f-f0ad25b65d46"],"resourceStatus":"Unknown","resourceType":"Dataset","state":"published","title":"Geochemical Baseline Survery of the Environment for the UK [G-BASE]","version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri","mfry"],"shortenedDescription":"Natural abundances of chemical elements in stream sediments, stream water and soil samples systematically collected since 1968. The average sample density for stream sediments and water is about one site per 1.5-2km square, and for soils one site per 2km square. \n\nThe..."},{"publicationDate":"2012-04-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","altTitle":["FF-HadRM3-PPE"],"authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["C.","S.","D.","J.","G.","L.","H.","T."],"authorFamilyName":["Prudhomme","Dadson","Morris","Williamson","Goodsell","Crooks","Boolee","Davies","Buys","Lafon"],"authorFullName":["Prudhomme, C.","Dadson, S.","Morris, D.","Williamson, J.","Goodsell, G.","Crooks, S.","Boolee, L.","Davies, H.","Buys, G.","Lafon, T."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-2497"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"Future Flows Climate (FF-HadRM3-PPE) is an eleven-member ensemble climate projection for Great Britain at a 1-km resolution spanning from 1950 to 2098. It was specifically developed for hydrological application and contain daily time series of Available Precipitation, which is the precipiated water available to hydrological processes after delays due to snow and ice storage are accounted for; and monthly reference Potential Evapotranspiration calculated using the FAO56 method. Future Flows Climate is derived from the Hadley Centre's Regional climate projection ensemble HadRM3-PPE based on 11 different variants of the regional climate model run under the SRES A1B emission scenario. HadRM3-PPE is underpinning the UKCP09 products. Bias correction and spatial downscaling were applied to the total precpitation and air temperature variables before Future Flows Climate APr and PE were generated. The development of Future Flows Climate was made during the partnership project 'Future Flows and Groundwater Levels' funded by the Environment Agency for England and Wales, Defra, UK Water Research Industry, NERC (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology and British Geological Survey) and Wallingford HydroSolutions.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"1a6ed3fd-f161-4a3e-8ea4-ea7a045252cb","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map","Time Series"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Climate Scenarios"],"incomingCitationCount":6,"givenName":["C.","S.","D.","J.","G.","L.","H.","T."],"familyName":["Prudhomme","Dadson","Morris","Williamson","Goodsell","Crooks","Boolee","Davies","Buys","Lafon"],"fullName":["Prudhomme, C.","Dadson, S.","Morris, D.","Williamson, J.","Goodsell, G.","Crooks, S.","Boolee, L.","Davies, H.","Buys, G.","Lafon, T."],"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","Time Series","National","Climate Scenarios","Climate and climate change","Hydrology","climate","atmospheric precipitation","modelling","hydrology"],"keywordsTheme":["Climate and climate change","Hydrology"],"keywordsOther":["climate","atmospheric precipitation","modelling","hydrology"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"A modified version of the 11-member HadRM3-PPE ensemble projection assuming SRES-A1B emissions scenario developed for hydrological application in March 2012. It cover land areas of Great Britain at a 1-km resolution and contains 11 sets of 1951-2098 equally likely time series for two data types daily Available Precipitation (incorporating delays due to water storage as snow and ice) and monthly Potential Evapotranspiritation time series. Future Flows Climate used a monthly bias-correction and downscaling procedure based on the Gamma distribution (precipitation) and linear model (temperature). Potential Evapotranspiration is calculated using the FAO56 formulation with monthly bias-corrected downscaled temperature and HadRM3-PPE original time series for the other variables. As Future Flows Climate datasets are derived from climate model outputs they do not replicate the historical weather but are possible realisations of the climate. Despite the use of bias-correction and downscaling procedures Future Flows Climate might still contain some differences with observed climate and cannot be compared directly with gauged values. SC090016/PN2, SC090016/PN3 SC090016/PN5 project technical notes provide details on the methods used and results.","locations":["POLYGON((-10 50, -10 70, 5 70, 5 50, -10 50))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-2497"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["1328785794937","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/bad1514f-119e-44a4-8e1e-442735bb9797","10.5285/bad1514f-119e-44a4-8e1e-442735bb9797"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Future flows climate data","topic":["0/Climate and climate change/","0/Hydrology/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"Future Flows Climate (FF-HadRM3-PPE) is an eleven-member ensemble climate projection for Great Britain at a 1-km resolution spanning from 1950 to 2098. It was specifically developed for hydrological application and contain daily time series of Available Precipitation,..."},{"publicationDate":"2013-07-26T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["D.M.","C.","D.","A."],"authorFamilyName":["Cooper","Evans","Norris","Burden","Lawler"],"authorFullName":["Cooper, D.M.","Evans, C.","Norris, D.","Burden, A.","Lawler, A."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7918","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-555X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-1638"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"Surface water quality data for the Conwy catchment, North Wales are presented. The data cover stream and estuary survey locations sampled manually from 2007 to 2011 at varying intervals between fortnightly and quarterly. Survey locations were selected as draining the main landscape classes in the catchment, which include upland (>300m) and lowland (<300m) environments under trees, moorland or improved agriculture. Also included are a suite of locations on the major rivers, and in the estuary. The purpose of the data is to provide support for estimating loads and testing hypotheses relating to the relationship between subcatchment properties and water quality, and the relative importance of mixing and in-stream processes in influencing downstream water quality. Streams draining peat, with high dissolved organic carbon concentrations, are well represented. Upland drainage is generally acidic, and lowland circum-neutral. The lowland rivers are not heavily contaminated with nutrients, although they show evidence of some loss of nitrates in particular. There is little industry in the catchment beyond agriculture and tourism, though there is some legacy contamination from metal mines in a small part of the catchment. Measurements are provided for major cations and anions, pH, alkalinity, DOC, Al, Fe and conductivity for most samples, with values for a wide range of trace elements for a limited number of samples.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"d94c5478-2588-4e52-bc29-308ea0b9808e","impDataType":["Tabular","Time Series"],"impScale":["Catchment"],"impTopic":["Water Quality"],"incomingCitationCount":2,"givenName":["D.M.","C.","D.","A.","David"],"familyName":["Cooper","Evans","Norris","Burden","Lawler"],"fullName":["Cooper, D.M.","Evans, C.","Norris, D.","Burden, A.","Lawler, A.","Cooper, D."],"keyword":["Tabular","Time Series","Catchment","Water Quality","Conwy Catchment","Wales","United Kingdom","Water quality","river","stream","lake","water quality","hydrochemistry"],"keywordsPlace":["Conwy Catchment","Wales","United Kingdom"],"keywordsTheme":["Water quality"],"keywordsOther":["river","stream","lake","water quality","hydrochemistry"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Water samples were collected at 67 sites within the Conwy catchment, N. Wales. Many of the sampling sites are headwaters; some are on major tributaries or the main Conwy river. Headwater sites were selected in a manner loosely stratified by 'landscape class' formed by combining dominant land use and soils classes. However, site locations were not randomised, but all readily accessible from roads. The purpose of data collection was to 1) To help identify statistical relationships between headwater stream chemistry and catchment characteristics and 2) To provide test data for modelling stream water chemistry at downstream sites. The PEARLS/CASCADE model has been used for this purpose. In recent years the focus has been on the carbon budget, and the data may be compared with data from other experimental and survey projects within the catchment. Many sites were originally selected for acid rain research and have earlier data not included in the database. These sites were part of a wider network covering North and Mid Wales. For some sites there are additional data from sampling by other bodies, such as the Environment Agency (EA). Other Conwy sites not recorded may also have EA or other data. Samples were filtered immediately after collection through a 0.45µm cellulose nitrate filter paper. In situ measurements of pH and conductivity were taken at the same time as water samples were collected. Samples were stored below 4°C before analysis in the UKAS accredited labs in CEH Lancaster. The results from 60 determinands are presented in the dataset, including the standard suite of base cations, anions and metals. Full details of site location, field and laboratory methodology is included in the supporting documents that accompany the dataset.","locations":["POLYGON((-4.031 52.944, -4.031 53.31, -3.592 53.31, -3.592 52.944, -4.031 52.944))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7918","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-555X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-1638"],"organisation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/c53a1f93-f64c-4d84-82a7-44038a394c59","10.5285/c53a1f93-f64c-4d84-82a7-44038a394c59"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Conwy catchment - spatial water chemistry dataset","topic":["0/Water quality/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"Surface water quality data for the Conwy catchment, North Wales are presented. The data cover stream and estuary survey locations sampled manually from 2007 to 2011 at varying intervals between fortnightly and quarterly. Survey locations were selected as draining the..."},{"publicationDate":"2015-02-05T00:00:00.000+00:00","altTitle":["IHU Catchments"],"authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["F.","M.","H."],"authorFamilyName":["Kral","Fry","Dixon"],"authorFullName":["Kral, F.","Fry, M.","Dixon, H."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-063X"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"This dataset is part of Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) of the UK, a set of geographical reference units for hydrological purposes including river flow measurement and hydrometric data collection. This dataset was derived from the Integrated Hydrological Terrain Model. A Catchment represents the full area upstream from a Section outlet, which is a cell upstream of a confluence of two watercourses with known names. While Sections do not overlap, Catchments can overlap because one Catchment contains Catchments for all upstream Sections. This layer currently covers Great Britain only as no dataset with river geometries and names with suitable detail is available for Northern Ireland.","documentType":"LINK_DOCUMENT","identifier":"d1796fe9-9187-44f5-9756-b7cdb9a817d1","impDataType":["Geospatial / Map"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Catchments and Topography"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["Matt","F.","M.","H."],"familyName":["Fry","Kral","Dixon"],"fullName":["Fry, M.","Kral, F.","Dixon, H."],"keyword":["Geospatial / Map","National","Catchments and Topography","United Kingdom","Great Britain","England","Wales","Scotland","Hydrology","catchment","watershed","hydrology"],"keywordsPlace":["United Kingdom","Great Britain","England","Wales","Scotland"],"keywordsTheme":["Hydrology"],"keywordsOther":["catchment","watershed","hydrology"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"The main inputs for development of Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) of the UK were data held by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Specifically, the cumulative catchment area raster and outflow raster from the Integrated Hydrological Digital Terrain Model (IHDTM) [1]. The vast majority of the watercourse names come from the subset of CEH UK river centreline network enriched by names from Ordnance Survey 1:50K Gazetteer [2]. Some names were obtained from or verified using other readily available sources like OpenStreetMap (openstreetmap.org) and WikiPedia (wikipedia.org). Bespoke FORTRAN functions, part of the CEH Flood Estimation Handbook code set, were used for catchment delineation. These functions enable sensible interlocking catchments boundaries to be created for the whole IHDTM surface. The option that does not leave gaps between catchments was specified [1]. Except for the catchment delineation, ArcGIS was used as the main GIS platform. Custom Python code was developed to drive the whole process and to perform hierarchical and network tasks. The full name of each IHU Section was derived from three rivers defining the section: the largest (in terms of cumulative catchment area) inflowing river other than the main river in the Section, the main river in the Section, and the largest river flowing into the downstream Section. If no such inflows exist, words'Source', 'Sea', or the name of the main river in the downstream Section are used as appropriate. A similar approach was adopted for IHU Group names, although group names were edited manually to a great extent to ensure they are simple and readily understood.\n\n[1] Morris, D.G. and Flavin, R.W. 1990. A Digital Terrain Model for Hydrology. Proc 4th Int. Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. Zurich, 1, 250-262.\n[2] Moore R V, Morris D G and Flavin R W, 1994. Sub-set of UK digital 1:50,000 scale river centreline network. NERC, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford.","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-063X"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["1425380855141","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/10d419c8-8f65-4b85-a78a-3d6e0485fa1f","10.5285/10d419c8-8f65-4b85-a78a-3d6e0485fa1f"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","supplementalDescription":["National River Flow Archive website providing access to river flow data downloads as well as contact information for the NRFA enquirers service which provides other datasets and monthly, annual and occasional reports on river flow conditions."],"supplementalName":["National River Flow Archive website"],"title":"Integrated Hydrological Units of the United Kingdom: Catchments","topic":["0/Hydrology/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset is part of Integrated Hydrological Units (IHU) of the UK, a set of geographical reference units for hydrological purposes including river flow measurement and hydrometric data collection. This dataset was derived from the Integrated Hydrological Terrain..."},{"catalogue":"cmp","description":"The agricultural census is based on an annual postal survey of farms. In England and Wales, the sample size for the June survey changes each year depending on UK and EU requirements. In years such as 2010 and 2013 when the EU requires very detailed information on the structure of the UK agricultural industry the sample size is increased, up to 100% of commercial holdings, in other years it can be as low as 30% of commercial holdings.\n\nThe results for non-surveyed farms are interpolated from the most recent data for those farms using the trends on comparable farms.  The data series extends back as far as 1866, although the detail is reduced for the historic datasets. \n\nThe data can be provided at holding level, although this is typically only for government / policy research and on the condition that the data, or data derived from it, is not presented in such a way that details are disclosive for a single or small number of holdings. Summarised data can be provided for specific areas, but constraints on disclosive data and use of the data would still apply. \n\nGeographical breakdowns for England are readily available in the years that correspond to the EU Farm Structure Survey (most recently 2013 and 2016). Data for local authorities are summarised by land use and livestock (e.g. cattle), whilst data at county level is summarised by crop type and a slightly more detailed livestock type (e.g. dairy breeding herd, breeding pigs). Disclosive data items are not included. ","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","identifier":"3f95cd4b-391f-4226-aa87-832b6d25038b","impDataType":["Tabular"],"impScale":["National"],"impTopic":["Agricultural Practices"],"incomingCitationCount":0,"keyword":["Agricultural Practices","National","Tabular"],"licence":"Non-Open government licence","lineage":"Annual census of agricultural and horticultural activities for England, Scotland and Wales is conducted on commercial holdings, defined as holdings of more than 5 ha agricultural land, 1 ha orchards, 0.5 ha vegetables or 0.1 ha of protected crops and ornamentals, or more than 10 cows, 50 pigs, 20 sheep, 20 goats or 1000 poultry. Note that these thresholds have only been in place since 2010. Each farmer declares the agricultural activity on the land via a postal questionnaire. Since the late 1990s the agricultural census in England and Wales has been conducted as a sample survey in which data is only sought from a proportion of holdings in each year, as low as 30% of commercial holdings in some years (approx. 30,000 holdings). Since 2007, cattle numbers have been taken from the Cattle Tracing Scheme. Data for non-surveyed farms are interpolated from the most recent data for those farms using the trends on comparable farms. \n","locations":["POLYGON((-6.4526 49.864, -6.4526 55.812, 1.7675 55.812, 1.7675 49.864, -6.4526 49.864))","POLYGON((-5.473 51.375, -5.473 53.434, -2.654 53.434, -2.654 51.375, -5.473 51.375))","POLYGON((-8.648 54.634, -8.648 60.861, -0.728 60.861, -0.728 54.634, -8.648 54.634))"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/3f95cd4b-391f-4226-aa87-832b6d25038b"],"resourceStatus":"Unknown","resourceType":"Dataset","state":"published","title":"Government Agricultural Census for England, Wales and Scotland ","version":1.0,"view":["public","nuri","mfry"],"shortenedDescription":"The agricultural census is based on an annual postal survey of farms. In England and Wales, the sample size for the June survey changes each year depending on UK and EU requirements. In years such as 2010 and 2013 when the EU requires very detailed information on the..."},{"publicationDate":"2016-02-18T00:00:00.000+00:00","catalogue":"cmp","description":"Yearly pollutant data for individual for the UK since 2004. The data has a spatial resolution of 5x5km. 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The horizontal accuracy is +/- 2.5m on slopes less..."},{"publicationDate":"2016-12-14T00:00:00.000+00:00","altTitle":["CHESS-PE"],"authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["E.L.","E.","D.B.","J.","A.C."],"authorFamilyName":["Robinson","Blyth","Clark","Comyn-Platt","Finch","Rudd"],"authorFullName":["Robinson, E.L.","Blyth, E.","Clark, D.B.","Comyn-Platt, E.","Finch, J.","Rudd, A.C."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-4517","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-238X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-7922","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-4998","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-6115"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"cmp","description":"1km resolution gridded potential evapotranspiration over Great Britain for the years 1961-2015. This dataset contains time series of two potential evapotranspiration variables. The first is potential evapotranspiration (PET) (mm/day) calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation [1] for FAO-defined well-watered grass [2]. The second is potential evapotranspiration with interception correction (PETI) (mm/day), which adds a correction for interception by a well-watered grass on days in which there is rainfall. Both PET and PETI are calculated using the Climate Hydrology and Ecology research Support System meteorology dataset (CHESS-met) meteorological variables [3].\n\n[1] Monteith, J.L.: Evaporation and environment, in: 19th Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, University Press, Cambridge, 1965\n[2] Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 1998.\n[3] Robinson, E.L., Blyth, E., Clark, D.B., Finch, J., Rudd, A.C. (2016). 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To calculate PETI (mm/day) an interception correction is applied on days with non-zero rainfall, by interpolating between PET and potential interception assuming an exponential dry-down. On dry days the PETI is equal to the PET. The PETI is calculated using all of the same input variables as the PET, as well as the precipitation from the CHESS-met dataset, which is the CEH-Gridded Estimates of Areal Rainfall (CEH-GEAR) daily rainfall estimates [4,5] scaled to units of kg m-2 s-1. The PET and PETI data were created using software developed in python. For further detail see the Supporting Documentation.\n\nThis version of the CHESS-PE dataset differs from the previous version (1961-2012) only by temporal coverage. That is, previous years' data have not been modified.\n\n[1] Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and environment, in: 19th Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, University Press, Cambridge, 1965\n[2] Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 1998.\n[3] Robinson, E. L., Blyth, E., Clark, D. B., Finch, J., Rudd, A. C. (2016). Climate hydrology and ecology research support system meteorological dataset (1961-2015) [CHESS-met] . NERC-Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/10874370-bc58-4d23-a118-ea07df8a07f2\n[4] Tanguy, M.; Dixon, H.; Prosdocimi, I.; Morris, D. G.; Keller, V. D. J. (2016). Gridded estimates of daily and monthly areal rainfall for the United Kingdom (1890-2015) [CEH-GEAR]. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/33604ea0-c238-4488-813d-0ad9ab7c51ca\n[5] Keller,V. D. J., Tanguy, M. , Prosdocimi, I. , Terry, J. A. , Hitt, O., Cole, S. J. , Fry, M., Morris, D. G., Dixon, H. (2015) CEH-GEAR: 1km resolution daily and monthly areal rainfall estimates for the UK for hydrological use. Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 8, 83-112 https://doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-83-2015. 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Diffuse sources include livestock farming, arable farming, highways, urban runoff, background (from soils), onsite wastewater treatment systems and atmospheric deposition. Point sources include treated wastewater effluent, combined sewer overflows and storm tanks, industrial discharges and mine water discharges. Concentrations and loads are modelled using the Environment Agency's catchment river model, SIMCAT, at the locations of model features or every 1 km along each river, taking into account all upstream sources and user defined river losses. \n\nSAGIS is a modelling framework was developed through the UK Water Industry Research Programme (UKWIR) project 'Chemical Source Apportionment under the WFD' [1], with support from the Environment Agency and SEPA. The model is also described in [2]\n\n[1] UKWIR (2012) Chemical Source Apportionment under the WFD (12/WW/02/3). Final report for UK Water Industry Research, 1 Queen Annes Gate, London, ISBN: 1 84057 637 5.\n[2] Comber, S.D.; Smith, R.; Daldorph, P.; Gardner, M.J.; Constantino, C.; Ellor, B. (2013) Development of a Chemical Source Apportionment Decision Support Framework for Catchment Management. Environ. Sci. 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Diffuse sources of nutrient pollution are incorporated into SAGIS from the Phosphorus and Sediment Yield Characterisation In Catchments (PSYCHIC) model (developed by a consortium of academic and government organisations led by ADAS Water Quality). \n\nSAGIS models are not time based and do not show seasonal variation; river flow can vary according to seasonal changes which would have an impact on results. The model will also always be a simplified version of reality and so must be used as an advisory tool and not as the sole basis of decisions. Data is often subject to change and so the models require regular updates. Livestock and arable inputs have been calculated from the ADAS models PSYCHIC and NEAPN and have been shown to overestimate inputs in some areas. 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