{"accessLimitation":{"value":"no limitations to public access","code":"Available","uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"},"authors":[{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Fileni","givenName":"Felipe","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"author","email":"F.De-Mendonca-Fileni2@newcastle.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-1946","fullName":"Fileni, F."},{"honorificPrefix":"Professor","familyName":"Fowler","givenName":"Hayley J","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"author","email":"hayley.fowler@newcastle.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-3606","fullName":"Fowler, H.J."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Lewis","givenName":"Elizabeth","organisationName":"Manchester University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02aswte26","role":"author","email":"elizabeth.lewis-3@manchester.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-9988","fullName":"Lewis, E."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Fry","givenName":"Matt","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039","fullName":"Fry, M."},{"honorificPrefix":"Ms","familyName":"Cooper","givenName":"Hollie","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-3407","fullName":"Cooper, H."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Swain","givenName":"Oliver","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Swain, O."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Coxon","givenName":"Gemma","organisationName":"University of Bristol","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","role":"author","email":"Gemma.Coxon@bristol.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8837-460X","fullName":"Coxon, G."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"McLay","givenName":"Fiona","organisationName":"Environment Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01zewfb16","role":"author","email":"fiona.mclay@environment-agency.gov.uk","fullName":"McLay, F."},{"honorificPrefix":"Ms","familyName":"Bruce","givenName":"Emma","organisationName":"Scottish Environment Protection Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kxjy285","role":"author","email":"emma.bruce@sepa.org.uk","fullName":"Bruce, E."},{"honorificPrefix":"Professor","familyName":"Yang","givenName":"Longzhi","organisationName":"Northumbria University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","role":"author","email":"longzhi.yang@northumbria.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-4909","fullName":"Yang, L."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Archer","givenName":"David","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"author","email":"davearcher@yahoo.com","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-6334","fullName":"Archer, D."}],"availability":"Available","boundingBoxes":[{"westBoundLongitude":-8.648,"eastBoundLongitude":1.768,"southBoundLatitude":49.864,"northBoundLatitude":60.861,"bounds":"{\"type\": \"Feature\",      \"properties\": {},      \"geometry\": {        \"type\": \"Polygon\",        \"coordinates\": [[[-8.648, 49.864], [-8.648, 60.861], [1.768, 60.861], [1.768, 49.864], [-8.648, 49.864]]]      }}","coordinates":"[[[-8.648, 49.864], [-8.648, 60.861], [1.768, 60.861], [1.768, 49.864], [-8.648, 49.864]]]"}],"citation":{"authors":["Fileni, F.","Fowler, H.J.","Lewis, E.","Fry, M.","Cooper, H.","Swain, O.","Coxon, G.","McLay, F.","Bruce, E.","Yang, L.","Archer, D."],"bibtex":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368/citation?format=bib","day":22,"doi":"10.5285/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368","month":10,"publisher":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","resourceTypeGeneral":"dataset","ris":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368/citation?format=ris","title":"Sub-hourly river flow data observations from 1369 river gauges in the UK, 1948-2023 (UK-Flow15)","url":"https://doi.org/10.5285/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368","year":2025},"custodians":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"datasetReferenceDate":{"publicationDate":"2025-10-22"},"description":"This dataset provides a coherent, quality-controlled collection of 15-minute river flow observations from across the United Kingdom. It brings together more than 1,300 gauging stations and over 50,000 station-years of data collected by the main UK measuring authorities - the Environment Agency (England), Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Natural Resources Wales, the Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland), and the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. The records span from 1948 to the present day and represent the first national-scale compilation of sub-daily flow data in a consistent format.\n\nThe dataset was created by assembling raw hydrometric records from open APIs and data requests to measuring authorities, then standardising them to a uniform 15-minute time step. A structured quality control framework was applied to identify and flag potential issues such as missing or duplicated values, irregular time steps, and implausible flow events. Each record includes a detailed quality code indicating the outcome of these checks, and a suite of accompanying metadata files provides full traceability of data provenance, quality control results, and any adjustments made during processing.\n\nThe resource is designed to support large-sample and national-scale hydrological research, particularly for applications requiring high-resolution data such as flood analysis, catchment response studies, and model calibration.","distributionFormats":[{"name":"Comma-separated values (CSV)","type":"text/csv","version":"unknown"},{"name":"png","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"One Planet","awardNumber":"NE/S007512/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/S007512/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"Climate+","awardNumber":"NE/Y006496/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/Y006496/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"Hydro-JULES","awardNumber":"NE/S017380/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/S017380/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Environment Agency","awardTitle":"Flood Hydrology Improvements Programme","orcid":false,"ror":false},{"funderName":"UKRI Future Leaders Fellowships","awardTitle":"Projecting extreme droughts in rapidly changing human-water systems","awardNumber":"MR/V022857/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR/V022857/1","orcid":false,"ror":false},{"funderName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","awardTitle":"Floods and Droughts Research Infrastructure","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardNumber":"NE/X019063/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/X019063/1","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"hasOnlineServiceAgreement":true,"id":"211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368","incomingCitationCount":0,"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Environmental Monitoring Facilities","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/ef"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"hydrology","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4118"},{"value":"flow","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3311"},{"value":"river","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7244"},{"value":"river water","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7269"},{"value":"watercourse","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/9161"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Hydrology","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/9"},{"value":"Climate and climate change","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/4"}],"licences":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl/plain"}],"lineage":"The dataset compiles 15-minute river flow observations from over 1,300 UK gauging stations managed by the Environment Agency, SEPA, NRW, DfI Northern Ireland, and UKCEH. Original field measurements of river stage were made using weirs, flumes, velocity-area methods, and ultrasonic sensors, then converted to discharge (m³ s⁻¹) using rating curves maintained by each authority. Data were accessed via APIs and formal requests, retaining only stations with official NRFA identifiers.\n\nAll time series were standardised to a uniform 15-minute interval, and duplicate or irregular records were corrected. A structured quality control framework was applied, including consistency checks against NRFA daily and peak-flow datasets, automated anomaly detection, and plausibility tests for high-flow events. Each observation carries a QC code, and metadata files record all processing and assessment steps. Users should consult these metadata to evaluate data suitability for specific analyses.","metadataDate":"2026-05-11T18:19:06","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/datastore/eidchub/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"fileAccess","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"displayName":"Felipe Fileni","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"pointOfContact","email":"F.De-Mendonca-Fileni2@newcastle.ac.uk","fullName":"Felipe Fileni","pointOfContact":"Newcastle University"}],"publicationDate":"2025-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","publishers":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"resourceIdentifiers":[{"code":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368"},{"code":"10.5285/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368","codeSpace":"doi"}],"resourceType":{"value":"dataset"},"responsibleParties":[{"displayName":"Felipe Fileni","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"pointOfContact","email":"F.De-Mendonca-Fileni2@newcastle.ac.uk","fullName":"Felipe Fileni","pointOfContact":"Newcastle University"},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Fileni","givenName":"Felipe","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"author","email":"F.De-Mendonca-Fileni2@newcastle.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7260-1946","fullName":"Fileni, F."},{"honorificPrefix":"Professor","familyName":"Fowler","givenName":"Hayley J","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"author","email":"hayley.fowler@newcastle.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-3606","fullName":"Fowler, H.J."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Lewis","givenName":"Elizabeth","organisationName":"Manchester University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02aswte26","role":"author","email":"elizabeth.lewis-3@manchester.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-9988","fullName":"Lewis, E."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Fry","givenName":"Matt","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039","fullName":"Fry, M."},{"honorificPrefix":"Ms","familyName":"Cooper","givenName":"Hollie","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-3407","fullName":"Cooper, H."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Swain","givenName":"Oliver","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Swain, O."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Coxon","givenName":"Gemma","organisationName":"University of Bristol","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","role":"author","email":"Gemma.Coxon@bristol.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8837-460X","fullName":"Coxon, G."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"McLay","givenName":"Fiona","organisationName":"Environment Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01zewfb16","role":"author","email":"fiona.mclay@environment-agency.gov.uk","fullName":"McLay, F."},{"honorificPrefix":"Ms","familyName":"Bruce","givenName":"Emma","organisationName":"Scottish Environment Protection Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kxjy285","role":"author","email":"emma.bruce@sepa.org.uk","fullName":"Bruce, E."},{"honorificPrefix":"Professor","familyName":"Yang","givenName":"Longzhi","organisationName":"Northumbria University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","role":"author","email":"longzhi.yang@northumbria.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-4909","fullName":"Yang, L."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Archer","givenName":"David","organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"author","email":"davearcher@yahoo.com","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-6334","fullName":"Archer, D."},{"organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"Environment Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01zewfb16","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"Scottish Environment Protection Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kxjy285","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"},{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"rightsHolders":[{"organisationName":"Newcastle University","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"Environment Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01zewfb16","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"Scottish Environment Protection Agency","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/01kxjy285","role":"rightsHolder"}],"spatialReferenceSystems":[{"code":"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326","title":"WGS 84"}],"spatialRepresentationTypes":["textTable"],"supplemental":[{"description":"Hydro-JULES","url":"https://hydro-jules.org/","function":"website"},{"description":"OnePlanet","url":"https://oneplanet.com/","function":"website"}],"temporalExtents":[{"begin":"1948-01-01","end":"2023-12-31"}],"title":"Sub-hourly river flow data observations from 1369 river gauges in the UK, 1948-2023 (UK-Flow15)","topicCategories":[{"value":"environment","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/environment"},{"value":"inlandWaters","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters"}],"topics":["http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/9","http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/4"],"type":"dataset","uri":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/211710ac-f01b-4b52-807f-373babb1c368","useConstraints":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl/plain"}]}