{"accessLimitation":{"value":"Registration is required to access this data","code":"Available","uri":"https://www.eidc.ac.uk/help/faq/registration"},"authors":[{"familyName":"Botham","givenName":"M.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-1405","fullName":"Botham, M."},{"familyName":"Brereton","givenName":"T.","organisationName":"Butterfly Conservation","role":"author","email":"tbrereton@butterfly-conservation.org","fullName":"Brereton, T."},{"familyName":"Harris","givenName":"S.","organisationName":"British Trust for Ornithology","role":"author","email":"sarah.harris@bto.org","fullName":"Harris, S."},{"familyName":"Harrower","givenName":"C.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-5293","fullName":"Harrower, C."},{"familyName":"Middlebrook","givenName":"I.","organisationName":"Butterfly Conservation","role":"author","email":"imiddlebrook@butterfly-conservation.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-9144","fullName":"Middlebrook, I."},{"familyName":"Randle","givenName":"Z.","organisationName":"Butterfly Conservation","role":"author","email":"zrandle@butterfly-conservation.org","fullName":"Randle, Z."},{"familyName":"Roy","givenName":"D.B.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-0331","fullName":"Roy, D.B."}],"availability":"Available","boundingBoxes":[{"westBoundLongitude":-8.648,"eastBoundLongitude":1.768,"southBoundLatitude":49.864,"northBoundLatitude":60.861,"bounds":"{\"type\": \"Feature\",      \"properties\": {},      \"geometry\": {        \"type\": \"Polygon\",        \"coordinates\": [[[-8.648, 49.864], [-8.648, 60.861], [1.768, 60.861], [1.768, 49.864], [-8.648, 49.864]]]      }}","coordinates":"[[[-8.648, 49.864], [-8.648, 60.861], [1.768, 60.861], [1.768, 49.864], [-8.648, 49.864]]]"}],"citation":{"authors":["Botham, M.","Brereton, T.","Harris, S.","Harrower, C.","Middlebrook, I.","Randle, Z.","Roy, D.B."],"bibtex":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720/citation?format=bib","day":17,"doi":"10.5285/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720","month":7,"publisher":"NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","resourceTypeGeneral":"dataset","ris":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720/citation?format=ris","title":"United Kingdom Butterfly Monitoring Scheme: collated indices 2019","url":"https://doi.org/10.5285/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720","year":2020},"custodians":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"datasetReferenceDate":{"publicationDate":"2020-07-17"},"description":"Collated indices are a relative measure of butterfly abundance across sites monitored as part of the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme. Data from all survey sites (standard UKBMS transects, Wider Countryside Survey transects and targeted species surveys such as timed, larval web and egg counts) are used in the calculation of these indices. The statistics are presented as log10 values. These values are centred round an arbitrary value of 2 as a mean for the time series in order to help show which years are below or above average. Collated indices are calculated annually for each individual butterfly species that has been recorded on five or more sites in that year. Indices are calculated at UK level and at individual country level for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland where sufficient data are available. Based on this criterion, collated indices have been calculated for the entire time series from 1976 (UK, England and Wales), 1979 (Scotland) and 2004 (Northern Ireland) to the current year for the majority of species, but for some rarer species this has not been possible in some years, particular those in the first part of the time series. Collated indices are calculated using a log-linear model incorporating individual site indices from all monitored sites across the UK or country for a given species in a given year. The number of sites for each species ranges from 5 to several hundred or more and fluctuates from year to year.  By 2010 almost 2,000 sites were monitored in total across the UK, with this number rising to more than 3,000 over the next decade. \n\nCollated indices are calculated so that we can determine how butterfly populations are changing over time across the UK. This data can be used, for example, to determine where to target conservation efforts and more generally the condition of the UK countryside. Butterflies are recognised as important indicators of biodiversity and environmental change, for example in UK and country Biodiversity Indicators, and have been used in numerous studies of the impacts of climate and habitat change on biodiversity.\n\nThe UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme is organized and funded by Butterfly Conservation (BC), the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). The UKBMS is indebted to all volunteers who contribute data to the scheme.\n\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.\n","distributionFormats":[{"name":"Comma-separated values (CSV)","type":"text/csv","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"UK-SCaPE","awardNumber":"NE/R016429/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/R016429/1","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"id":"41b3f70f-ced9-4e57-ba14-600ded7d6d3d","incomingCitationCount":1,"incomingCitations":[{"description":"Akçakaya, H.R., Hochkirch, A., Bried, J.T., van Grunsven, R.H.A., Simaika, J.P., De Knijf, G., & Henriques, S. (2021). Calculating population reductions of invertebrate species for IUCN Red List assessments. In Journal of Insect Conservation (Vol. 25, Issue 2, pp. 377–382). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00303-0"}],"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Environmental Monitoring Facilities","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/ef"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"UK-SCAPE"},{"value":"Biodiversity","uri":"http://vocabs.ceh.ac.uk/ukscape/research-theme/41"},{"value":"Biodiversity","uri":"http://vocabs.ceh.ac.uk/ukscape/science-challenge/40"},{"value":"UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme","uri":"http://vocabs.ceh.ac.uk/ukscape/research-project/283"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Biodiversity","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/2"}],"licences":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl-ukbms/plain"}],"lineage":"Collated indices are produced using a series of statistical models on butterfly transect counts recorded by a volunteer network. These indices are a relative measure of each species' abundance across the UK compared to the baseline in 1976. The statistics are presented as log10 values. These values are centred around an arbitrary value of 2 as a mean for the time series in order to help show which years are below or above average (a technique used in other biodiversity indicators).","metadataDate":"2026-05-11T18:19:17","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"download","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"familyName":"Botham","givenName":"Marc","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","address":{"deliveryPoint":"Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford","city":"Wallingford","administrativeArea":"Oxfordshire","postalCode":"OX10 8BB","country":"United Kingdom"},"fullName":"Botham, M.","pointOfContact":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"}],"publicationDate":"2020-07-17T00:00:00.000Z","publishers":[{"organisationName":"NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"relationships":[{"relation":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/isPartOf","target":"86a4fe67-db37-458d-a0d3-2f7e8e614023"}],"resourceIdentifiers":[{"code":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720"},{"code":"10.5285/657a64b2-8c34-43d2-a0f0-662ddf73c720","codeSpace":"doi"}],"resourceType":{"value":"dataset"},"responsibleParties":[{"familyName":"Botham","givenName":"M.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & 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