{"numFound":136,"page":2,"rows":20,"url":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/eidc/documents?page=2&facet=topic%7C0%2FRadioecology%2F&facet=resourceStatus%7CAvailable&facet=funder%7CNatural+Environment+Research+Council&facet=funder%7CRadioactive+Waste+Management+Ltd&facet=topic%7C0%2FEnvironmental+survey%2F&facet=recordType%7CDataset","prevPage":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/eidc/documents?facet=topic%7C0%2FRadioecology%2F&facet=resourceStatus%7CAvailable&facet=funder%7CNatural+Environment+Research+Council&facet=funder%7CRadioactive+Waste+Management+Ltd&facet=topic%7C0%2FEnvironmental+survey%2F&facet=recordType%7CDataset","nextPage":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/eidc/documents?page=3&facet=topic%7C0%2FRadioecology%2F&facet=resourceStatus%7CAvailable&facet=funder%7CNatural+Environment+Research+Council&facet=funder%7CRadioactive+Waste+Management+Ltd&facet=topic%7C0%2FEnvironmental+survey%2F&facet=recordType%7CDataset","results":[{"publicationDate":"2022-06-10T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Unaffiliated"],"authorFullName":["National Plant Monitoring Scheme"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"This data resource provides plot-level plant occurrence data for the first seven years (2015-2021) of the National Plant Monitoring Scheme (covering the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man). Data consist of individual observations of plants, and other habitat characteristics, at the metre-scale; observations are accompanied by percentage cover information recorded according to the Domin frequency-abundance scale commonly used in plant community ecology. Other information provided includes the plot type (size, shape, according to the NPMS classification), the volunteer-recorded NPMS habitat, the date of sampling, and information regarding the spatial location of the plot. Information contained within the metadata file should allow users to reconstruct the sampling history (including gaps) of any plot that has been sampled within the NPMS scheme between 2015 and 2021.\n\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.\n\nPlease be aware that this dataset is updated annually and that more recent versions exist.\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/R016429/1 "],"identifier":"e742c94f-82a4-43e7-af14-36b131afe81b","incomingCitationCount":0,"fullName":["National Plant Monitoring Scheme"],"keyword":["Environmental survey","Biodiversity","National Plant Monitoring Scheme","NPMS","UK-SCAPE ","plant community","habitat","vegetation","environmental monitoring"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey","Biodiversity"],"keywordsOther":["National Plant Monitoring Scheme","NPMS","UK-SCAPE ","plant community","habitat","vegetation","environmental monitoring"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Data are collected directly from volunteers into a custom Indicia database system (www.indicia.org.uk) through the NPMS website (www.npms.org.uk) or app. The Indicia system is built on a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database, and the data presented here were extracted directly from this master database using appropriate SQL queries. See the associated documentation for more information on the broader Quality Assurance processes supporting the NPMS.","locations":["POLYGON((-9.087 49.086, -9.087 60.322, 1.329 60.322, 1.329 49.086, -9.087 49.086))"],"organisation":["Unaffiliated","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","Natural Environment Research Council"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/e742c94f-82a4-43e7-af14-36b131afe81b","10.5285/e742c94f-82a4-43e7-af14-36b131afe81b"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"ror":["https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"National Plant Monitoring Scheme survey data (2015-2021)","topic":["0/Environmental survey/","0/Biodiversity/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","clwe"],"shortenedDescription":"This data resource provides plot-level plant occurrence data for the first seven years (2015-2021) of the National Plant Monitoring Scheme (covering the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man). Data consist of individual observations of plants, and other habitat..."},{"publicationDate":"2024-07-12T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Institute of Terrestrial Ecology"],"authorGivenName":["T.W.","R.G.H.","R.C.","C.M.","J.E.A.","B.A.","C.","A.","T.","K.L."],"authorFamilyName":["Parr","Bunce","Munro","Wood","Procter","Dodd","Balmer","Walker","Draycott","Wright"],"authorFullName":["Parr, T.W.","Bunce, R.G.H.","Munro, R.C.","Wood, C.M.","Procter, J.E.A.","Dodd, B.A.","Balmer, C.","Walker, A.","Draycott, T.","Wright, K.L."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-2998"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"A survey of the extent and species composition of the deciduous woodlands of Scotland (including those with some admixture of conifers) was undertaken between 1976 and 1979, by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and the Nature Conservancy Council. A census of deciduous woodlands in Scotland was made (as marked on British Ordnance Survey (OS) maps, 7th Series 1:63,360), between 1976 and 1979. A desk-based map search was undertaken in the first instance, followed by field ground-truthing.","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council","Nature Conservancy Council"],"identifier":"7b2eb903-e513-4210-a073-fddb6aa73291","incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["T.W.","R.G.H.","R.C.","C.M.","J.E.A.","B.A.","C.","A.","T.","K.L."],"familyName":["Parr","Bunce","Munro","Wood","Procter","Dodd","Balmer","Walker","Draycott","Wright"],"fullName":["Parr, T.W.","Bunce, R.G.H.","Munro, R.C.","Wood, C.M.","Procter, J.E.A.","Dodd, B.A.","Balmer, C.","Walker, A.","Draycott, T.","Wright, K.L."],"keyword":["Environmental survey","Scotland","deciduous woodland","tree species","field survey"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey"],"keywordsOther":["Scotland","deciduous woodland","tree species","field survey"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"The data were originally collected by members of staff at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, first as a desk-based exercise, and then during a field survey. A data rescue exercise was undertaken to re-digitise the data from the raw data sheets between 2019 and 2023. Quality checks were undertaken both at the time of the field collection, and later following data entry. Further detail is available in the supporting documentation.","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 54.634, -8.648 60.861, -0.728 60.861, -0.728 54.634, -8.648 54.634))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-2998"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Institute of Terrestrial Ecology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/7b2eb903-e513-4210-a073-fddb6aa73291","10.5285/7b2eb903-e513-4210-a073-fddb6aa73291"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Extent and tree species composition from a Scottish deciduous woodland survey, 1976-1979","topic":["0/Environmental survey/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","jashun"],"shortenedDescription":"A survey of the extent and species composition of the deciduous woodlands of Scotland (including those with some admixture of conifers) was undertaken between 1976 and 1979, by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council..."},{"publicationDate":"2016-06-06T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["University of Sussex","The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust"],"authorGivenName":["T.","J.M.","D."],"authorFamilyName":["Wood","Holland","Goulson"],"authorFullName":["Wood, T.","Holland, J.M.","Goulson, D."],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00ayhx656","https://ror.org/015eybs17"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"Data comprise flower abundance and diversity data and bee abundance, diversity and activity data collected during extensive surveys carried out on farms in Hampshire and West Sussex, southern England between 2013 and 2015. The pollen diets of wild solitary bees were quantified using direct observations and pollen load analysis. The purpose of the study was to provide valuable information to scientists, governments and land managers in designing more effective measures to conserve the broader wild bee community on agricultural land. The work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/J016802/1 and the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust.","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/J016802/1"],"identifier":"a9d713e8-c8d5-4129-8db0-d771443111cf","incomingCitationCount":2,"givenName":["Tom","T.","J.M.","D."],"familyName":["Wood","Holland","Goulson"],"fullName":["Wood, T.","Holland, J.M.","Goulson, D."],"keyword":["Environmental survey","Pollinators","Andrena alfkenella","Melitta tricincta","Colletes daviesanus","Chelostoma florisomne","Halictus tumulorum","Hoplitis claviventris","Chelostoma campanularum","Melitta leporina","Panurgus calcaratus","Halictus rubicundus","Bombus barbutellus","Andrena bicolor","Andrena bucephala","Andrena carantonica","Andrena chrysosceles","Andrena cineraria","Andrena dorsata","Andrena flavipes","Andrena florea","Andrena fulva","Andrena haemorrhoa","Andrena helvola","Andrena humilis","Andrena labialis","Andrena labiata","Andrena minutula","Andrena minutuloides","Andrena nigroaenea","Andrena nitida","Andrena nitidiuscula","Andrena semilaevis","Andrena subopaca","Andrena trimmerana","Andrena wilkella","Anthidium manicatum","Anthophora furcata","Anthophora furcata ","Anthophora plumipes","Bombus campestris","Bombus hortorum","Bombus hypnorum","Bombus jonellus","Bombus lapidarius","Bombus lucorum","Bombus pascuorum","Bombus pratorum","Bombus ruderarius","Bombus ruderatus","Bombus rupestris","Bombus sylvestris","Bombus terrestris","Bombus vestalis","Hylaeus brevicornis","Hylaeus communis","Hylaeus confusus","Hylaeus cornutus","Hylaeus dilatatus","Hylaeus hyalinatus","Hylaeus signatus","Lasioglossum albipes","Lasioglossum calceatum","Lasioglossum fulvicorne","Lasioglossum laevigatum","Lasioglossum lativentre","Lasioglossum leucopus","Lasioglossum leucozonium","Lasioglossum malachurum","Lasioglossum minutissimum","Lasioglossum morio","Lasioglossum parvulum","Lasioglossum pauperatum","Lasioglossum pauxillum","Lasioglossum puncticolle","Lasioglossum smeathmanellum","Lasioglossum villosulum","Lasioglossum xanthopus","Lasioglossum zonulum","Megachile centuncularis","Megachile ligniseca","Megachile versicolor","Megachile willughbiella","Nomada fabriciana","Nomada flava","Nomada flava/panzeri","Nomada flavoguttata","Nomada fucata","Nomada goodeniana","Nomada hirtipes","Nomada lathburiana","Nomada marshamella","Nomada ruficornis","Nomada sheppardana","Osmia bicolor","Osmia bicornis","Osmia caerulescens","Osmia leaiana","Osmia spinulosa","Sphecodes crassus","Sphecodes crassus ","Sphecodes ephippius","Sphecodes geoffrellus","Sphecodes monilicornis","Sphecodes niger","Sphecodes puncticeps","Sphecodes spinulosus"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey","Pollinators"],"keywordsOther":["Andrena alfkenella","Melitta tricincta","Colletes daviesanus","Chelostoma florisomne","Halictus tumulorum","Hoplitis claviventris","Chelostoma campanularum","Melitta leporina","Panurgus calcaratus","Halictus rubicundus","Bombus barbutellus","Andrena bicolor","Andrena bucephala","Andrena carantonica","Andrena chrysosceles","Andrena cineraria","Andrena dorsata","Andrena flavipes","Andrena florea","Andrena fulva","Andrena haemorrhoa","Andrena helvola","Andrena humilis","Andrena labialis","Andrena labiata","Andrena minutula","Andrena minutuloides","Andrena nigroaenea","Andrena nitida","Andrena nitidiuscula","Andrena semilaevis","Andrena subopaca","Andrena trimmerana","Andrena wilkella","Anthidium manicatum","Anthophora furcata","Anthophora furcata ","Anthophora plumipes","Bombus campestris","Bombus hortorum","Bombus hypnorum","Bombus jonellus","Bombus lapidarius","Bombus lucorum","Bombus pascuorum","Bombus pratorum","Bombus ruderarius","Bombus ruderatus","Bombus rupestris","Bombus sylvestris","Bombus terrestris","Bombus vestalis","Hylaeus brevicornis","Hylaeus communis","Hylaeus confusus","Hylaeus cornutus","Hylaeus dilatatus","Hylaeus hyalinatus","Hylaeus signatus","Lasioglossum albipes","Lasioglossum calceatum","Lasioglossum fulvicorne","Lasioglossum laevigatum","Lasioglossum lativentre","Lasioglossum leucopus","Lasioglossum leucozonium","Lasioglossum malachurum","Lasioglossum minutissimum","Lasioglossum morio","Lasioglossum parvulum","Lasioglossum pauperatum","Lasioglossum pauxillum","Lasioglossum puncticolle","Lasioglossum smeathmanellum","Lasioglossum villosulum","Lasioglossum xanthopus","Lasioglossum zonulum","Megachile centuncularis","Megachile ligniseca","Megachile versicolor","Megachile willughbiella","Nomada fabriciana","Nomada flava","Nomada flava/panzeri","Nomada flavoguttata","Nomada fucata","Nomada goodeniana","Nomada hirtipes","Nomada lathburiana","Nomada marshamella","Nomada ruficornis","Nomada sheppardana","Osmia bicolor","Osmia bicornis","Osmia caerulescens","Osmia leaiana","Osmia spinulosa","Sphecodes crassus","Sphecodes crassus ","Sphecodes ephippius","Sphecodes geoffrellus","Sphecodes monilicornis","Sphecodes niger","Sphecodes puncticeps","Sphecodes spinulosus"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Study area\nNine HLS and ten ELS farms were selected in Hampshire and West Sussex, UK. The selected HLS farms had been implementing an average of 5.56±0.13 ha of pollinator-focused flower-rich schemes representing 2.17±0.05% of the farm area by ownership for a minimum of three years. As 70% of farms in England were at the time in some form of environmental stewardship (Elliot et al. 2010), ELS farms were chosen as the control group for this study. Flower-rich schemes were available under ELS, but these schemes had a low uptake so only basic ELS farms without such management were selected for this comparison. Pollinator-focused flower-rich schemes were typically established with a seed mix containing c.15-30 flowering forb species (Carvell et al. 2007; Pywell et al. 2011). Additional plant species such as Hypochaeris radicata and Trifolium repens are sometimes included in experimental mixes (i.e. Scheper et al. 2015), but this did not represent the situation in our study area and so these species were not characterised as sown. Whilst there were no such flower-rich areas on ELS farms, most of the species included in these seed mixes can be found growing in a wild state on these farms. Consequently, in order to allow a comparison of pollen choice preferences and relative rates of utilisation across farm types, plant species included in pollinator-friendly agri-environment schemes were characterised as 'sown' even when found growing wild as part of the wider plant community. For a full list of the plant species characterised as being sown as part of pollinator-focused management see Appendix S1 in Supporting Information. Farms were predominantly arable, or mixed arable/dairy with wheat, barley, oilseed rape and permanent/silage grassland as the major crops.\n\nBee and floristic surveys\nIn 2013 and 2014, a standardised 3 km transect was designed for each farm, passing through all major habitat types present. For HLS farms this included pollinator-focused flower-rich schemes (HE10 floristically enhanced grass margins, HK7 species-rich grassland restoration, HF4 pollen and nectar mixes), non-agricultural grass margins and hedgerow and woodland edge habitats. For ELS farms only non-agricultural grass margins and hedgerow and woodland edge habitats were surveyed, as no pollinator-focused schemes were present. Crops and areas of agricultural grassland were not surveyed. Each transect was subdivided into discrete sections, with each section covering a distinct habitat type. Transects on HLS farms were designed to survey as many pollinator-focused schemes as possible whilst remaining contiguous and passed through an average of 1496±148m of flower-rich habitat in an average of 3.77±0.24 discrete habitat patches per farm.\n\nBee activity was recorded along the transect following standard bee walk methodology (Carvell et al. 2007), with all bees within 2 m of the recorder identified to species level. Individuals that could not be identified in the field were netted for later identification. The first flowering plant species visited and the purpose of the visit, for either pollen or nectar, was recorded. Hylaeus species, which lack scopal hairs on their body, instead ingesting pollen and regurgitating it in the nest, cannot reliably be determined to be foraging for pollen and so all plant visits were recorded simply as visits. On each transect, the number of species of flowering plants and the number of flowering units of each plant species within 2 m of the recorder was estimated within each discrete transect section. Grasses, sedges and rushes were not recorded as these plant species are not attractive to bees in the study region. This assessment followed Carvell et al. (2007) with one flower cluster (e.g. an umbel, a head, a capitulum) counted as a single unit. Sixteen farms (eight HLS, eight ELS) were surveyed in 2013. Transects were walked three times through the season, between 25th May to 5th June, 26th June to 15th July and 3rd to 11th August. Seventeen farms (eight HLS, nine ELS) were surveyed in in 2014. Transects were walked three times through the season, between 17th and 27th May, 21st June to 9th July and 3rd to 15th August. These discrete sampling blocks are henceforth referred to as 'sampling rounds'.\n\nIn 2015 farms were surveyed for a fixed period of time rather than using distance based transects. ELS farms were surveyed for 3 hrs with 1.5 hrs spent on non-agricultural grass habitats and 1.5 hrs on woody hedgerow/woodland edge habitats. HLS farms were surveyed for 3 hrs with 1 hr on pollinator-focused flower-rich schemes, 1 hr on non-agricultural grass habitats and 1 hr on woody hedgerow/woodland edge habitats. The survey followed standard bee walk methodology as described above, but at a reduced pace to ensure thorough sampling. All bees within 2 m of the recorder were identified to species level. The first flowering plant species visited and the purpose of the visit, for either pollen or nectar, was recorded. Solitary bees with clearly visible pollen on their body were collected, placed in individual Eppendorf tubes and frozen. The collection of pollen loads from foraging bees may overestimate pollen use of more easily observable flowers. Ideally, pollen would be sampled from bees as they return to their nest, but this method was not chosen for this study as is often time consuming and may lead to low sample sizes for species with difficult to locate nests. All flowering plant species present on the transects were recorded, but their abundance was not quantified. Pollen samples from insect visited flowering plant species present were collected to form a pollen reference library. Pollen reference slides were prepared by transferring pollen-laden anthers to a drop of water on a microscope slide. The slide was gently heated to allow grains to absorb water and achieve their maximum size and to evaporate excess water. The remains of the anthers were removed, molten glycerine jelly stained with fuchsin was added and the slide was sealed with a coverslip. For a full list of sampled flowering plant species see Appendix S2. Fourteen farms (7 HLS, 7 ELS) were surveyed in 2015. Transects were walked four times throughout the season, between 22 April adn 13th May, 26th May to 17th June, 25th June to 4th July and 29th July to 10th August. All bee surveys were conducted between 0930 and 1700 hrs when the temperature was above 13°C with at least 60% clear sky, or above 17°C with any level of cloud. No surveys were conducted when it was raining. All bee and floristic surveys were conducted by the same individual (TJW) to minimise recorder bias.\n\nPollen identification\nThe scopal pollen load of foraging solitary bees collected in 2015 was analysed by light microscopy using the method outlined by Westrich and Schmidt (1986). Before removing pollen from the scopae, the total load was estimated relative to a full load for that species, ranging from 8/8 (full load) to 1/8 (one eighth load). The pollen grains were removed from the scopae using an entomological pin and transferred to a drop of water on a microscope slide. Pollen that was not clearly held in the scopae was not sampled as this may have become attached to other parts of the body during nectar visits to non-host plant flowers. The slide was gently heated to allow grains to absorb water and achieve their maximum size and to evaporate excess water. Molten glycerine jelly stained with fuchsin was then added and the slide was sealed with a coverslip. The proportion of the load comprised of different plant species was estimated along three randomly selected lines across the cover slip at a magnification of x400. The proportion of the load by volume was estimated by the relative area of the slide occupied by each plant species, rather than the absolute number of grains, in order to better reflect the total volume of pollen collected, an important correction in mixed loads where pollen grains of different plant species often differ widely in size (Cane and Sipes, 2006). Species representing less than 1% of the load were excluded from further analysis as their presence may have arisen from contamination (Westrich and Schmidt 1986). \n\nThe proportions of pollen collected were corrected according to the overall size of each load to give a final weight, e.g. a full load (8/8) comprised of 50% Centaurea nigra and 50% Leucanthemum vulgare would receive a final C. nigra weight of 50 and a final L. vulgare weight of 50, whereas a quarter load (2/8) comprised of 100% Hypochaeris radicata would receive a final H. radicata weight of 25. The pollen grains were identified to species using Sawyer (1981) and the reference collection assembled during the project. The majority of samples were identified to species level, but where this was not possible pollen was identified to genus, for example in Brassica, Plantago and Geranium. For a full list of taxa and the level of identification, to either species or genus, see Appendix S3. \n\nStatistical analysis\nGeneralised Linear Mixed-Effect Models (GLMMs) were used to test for the impact of management type on bee and plant species abundance and diversity and the impact of plant species richness on bee species diversity and diet breadth. Models were fit using the maximum likelihood (Laplace Approximation) method. All data analyses were conducted in R version 3.1.1 (R Development Core Team) using the lme4 package for the GLMMs (Bates et al. 2014). All models were fitted with Poisson and negative binomial error distributions and were tested for overdispersion. In all cases negative binomial error structures were the most appropriate and final models were not overdispersed. Final models were compared by ANOVA with a null model containing the same random factor to test for significance.\n\nDifferences in the total number of bee and plant species and total floral abundance recorded between different farm types were analysed using GLMMs with management type as a fixed factor. Sampling year was included as a random factor to take account of the temporal data structure and differences in sampling methods. The abundance analysis used the 2013-2014 data and the species richness analysis used the 2013-2015 data. The impact of plant species richness on bee species richness (including Apis, Bombus and kleptoparastic bee species) and oligolectic solitary bee species richness was analysed using GLMMs with plant species richness as a fixed factor and sampling year as a random factor. This analysis used the 2013-2015 species richness data.\n\nThe impact of plant species richness on the number of pollen species detected in bee pollen loads was analysed using a GLMM with plant species richness as a fixed factor and sampling round (April/May, May/June, June/July and July/August) as a random factor. The number of pollen species detected in bee pollen loads was also calculated for the seven most common polylectic bee species for which a total of 30 pollen loads had been collected from each species, representing the majority of the pollen load data (759 of 1054 samples, Andrena chrysosceles, A. flavipes, A. haemorrhoa, A. semilaevis, Lasioglossum calceatum, L. malachurum and L. pauxillum). The number of species detected in pollen loads was summed over the year for each species to reduce temporal variation. Farms where no samples of a species were taken were excluded from that species' analysis, as the species may have been absent from the sample for reasons other than floristic composition, e.g. nesting site availability, low detection rate etc. The relationship between plant species richness and the number of pollen species collected by polylectic bee species was analysed using a GLMM with plant species richness as a fixed factor and bee species as a random factor. Both these analyses used the 2015 microscopic pollen load analysis data. \n\nThe proportion of sown flowers relative to total flowers was calculated for each farm over the 2013-2014 period. The proportion of observed solitary bee pollen visits to sown flowers and the proportion of solitary bee species visiting sown flowers for pollen was also calculated over the 2013-2014 period. The impact of the proportion of sown flowers on the proportion of observed solitary bee pollen visits and the proportion of solitary bee species visiting sown flowers was analysed using Spearman's rank correlation tests, as in each case the response variable could not be transformed to normality. \n\nDifferences in the proportion of pollen collected from different plant types were analysed using binomial tests. For the observational data, the proportion of pollen visits to sown and wild plants was calculated for each sampling round across all years for both farm types. For the pollen load data, a third category of crop plant data was included. A number of pollen loads contained Brassica type pollen, most of which is highly likely to have come from the crop plant oilseed rape Brassica napus. No wild Brassica species such as B. nigra were recorded during floristic surveys with the only other source being small areas of B. rapa that is sometimes sown as part of conservation management for birds. As a result, we are confident that the majority of the Brassica type pollen originated from crop plants and so this was excluded from the comparison between sown and wild plant pollen use. As the pollen load data is non-integer (with variably full pollen loads with mixed species composition), the proportion of each pollen type was used to calculate an appropriate value from the number of collected samples, i.e. where 173 bees were collected with pollen loads in total comprised of 9.7% pollen from sown plants and 90.3% pollen from wild plants by volume this was calculated as 17 samples from sown plants and 156 samples from wild plants. These calculated values were used in the binomial tests.\n\nReferences avaialable from Supporting Documentation.","locations":["POLYGON((-6.453 49.864, -6.453 55.812, 1.768 55.812, 1.768 49.864, -6.453 49.864))"],"organisation":["University of Sussex","The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/a9d713e8-c8d5-4129-8db0-d771443111cf","10.5285/a9d713e8-c8d5-4129-8db0-d771443111cf"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/00ayhx656","https://ror.org/015eybs17","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Bee and flower abundance and diversity and bee pollen foraging data from farms in England","topic":["0/Environmental survey/","0/Pollinators/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","jgar"],"shortenedDescription":"Data comprise flower abundance and diversity data and bee abundance, diversity and activity data collected during extensive surveys carried out on farms in Hampshire and West Sussex, southern England between 2013 and 2015. The pollen diets of wild solitary bees were..."},{"publicationDate":"2025-06-24T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["S.","V.","A.","L.","E.S.","J.R.","D.B.","M.","M.A.","H.M.","N.J.","J.G.","P.","D.","H.","T.","G.","Y.","W.D.","R.","G.V.","F.","P.M.","R.J.","O.","J.L.","E.J.","H.C.","A.C.","J.B."],"authorFamilyName":["Stanley","Antoniou","Askquith-Ellis","Ball","Bennett","Blake","Boorman","Brookes","Clarke","Cooper","Cowan","Cumming","Evans","Farrand","Fry","Harvey","Houghton-Carr","Howson","Jiménez-Arranz","Keen","Khamis","Leeson","Lord","Morrison","Nash","O'Callaghan","Retter","Rylett","Scarlett","Smith","St Quintin","Swain","Szczykulska","Teagle","Thornton","Trill","Vincent","Ward","Warwick","Winterbourn"],"authorFullName":["Stanley, S.","Antoniou, V.","Askquith-Ellis, A.","Ball, L.","Bennett, E.S.","Blake, J.R.","Boorman, D.B.","Brookes, M.","Clarke, M.A.","Cooper, H.M.","Cowan, N.J.","Cumming, A.","Evans, J.G.","Farrand, P.","Fry, M.","Harvey, D.","Houghton-Carr, H.","Howson, T.","Jiménez-Arranz, G.","Keen, Y.","Khamis, D.","Leeson, S.","Lord, W.D.","Morrison, R.","Nash, G.V.","O'Callaghan, F.","Retter, A.","Rylett, D.","Scarlett, P.M.","Smith, R.J.","St Quintin, P.","Swain, O.","Szczykulska, M.","Teagle, S.","Thornton, J.L.","Trill, E.J.","Vincent, P.","Ward, H.C.","Warwick, A.C.","Winterbourn, J.B."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-2969","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-4075","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-5958","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-9268","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-4712","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-5266","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-0393","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-3407","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-7916","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-9006","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-1416","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9102-5413","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2169","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-316X","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4445-8272","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-488X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-3127","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-2042","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-1153","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-6740","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-7093","https;//orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-8435","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-4823","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-8942","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-185X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-5281"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"This dataset contains daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture observations from the COSMOS-UK (cosmic-ray soil moisture) monitoring network from October 2013 to the end of 2024 . These data are from 51 sites across the UK recording a range of hydrometeorological and soil variables.\n\nEach site in the network records the following hydrometeorological and soil data at 30-minute resolution: Radiation (short wave, long wave, and net), precipitation, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, soil heat flux, and soil temperature and volumetric water content (VWC), measured by point sensors at various depths.\n\nEach site hosts a cosmic-ray sensing probe; a novel sensor technology which counts fast neutrons in the surrounding atmosphere. In combination with the recorded hydrometeorological data, neutron counts are used to derive VWC over a field scale (COSMOS VWC), provide at daily resolution.\n\nThe presence of snow leads to erroneously high measurements of COSMOS VWC due to all the extra water in the surrounding area. Included in the daily data are indications of snow days, on which, the COSMOS VWC are adjusted, and the snow water equivalent (SWE) is given.\n\nThe potential evapotranspiration (PE), derived from recorded hydrometeorological and soil are also included at daily resolution.\n\nTwo levels of quality control are carried out, firstly data is run through a series of automated checks, such as range tests and spike tests, and then all data is manually inspected each week where any other faults are picked up, including sensor faults or connection issues. Quality control flags are provided for all recorded (30 minute) data , indicating the reason for any missing data.\n\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/Y006208/1 as part of the UKCEH NC-UK programme delivering National Capability.\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/Y006208/1"],"identifier":"2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a","incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["R.J.","S.","V.","A.","L.","E.S.","J.R.","D.B.","M.","M.A.","H.M.","N.J.","J.G.","P.","D.","H.","T.","G.","Y.","W.D.","R.","G.V.","F.","P.M.","O.","J.L.","E.J.","H.C.","A.C.","J.B."],"familyName":["Smith","Stanley","Antoniou","Askquith-Ellis","Ball","Bennett","Blake","Boorman","Brookes","Clarke","Cooper","Cowan","Cumming","Evans","Farrand","Fry","Harvey","Houghton-Carr","Howson","Jiménez-Arranz","Keen","Khamis","Leeson","Lord","Morrison","Nash","O'Callaghan","Retter","Rylett","Scarlett","St Quintin","Swain","Szczykulska","Teagle","Thornton","Trill","Vincent","Ward","Warwick","Winterbourn"],"fullName":["Richard Smith","Stanley, S.","Antoniou, V.","Askquith-Ellis, A.","Ball, L.","Bennett, E.S.","Blake, J.R.","Boorman, D.B.","Brookes, M.","Clarke, M.A.","Cooper, H.M.","Cowan, N.J.","Cumming, A.","Evans, J.G.","Farrand, P.","Fry, M.","Harvey, D.","Houghton-Carr, H.","Howson, T.","Jiménez-Arranz, G.","Keen, Y.","Khamis, D.","Leeson, S.","Lord, W.D.","Morrison, R.","Nash, G.V.","O'Callaghan, F.","Retter, A.","Rylett, D.","Scarlett, P.M.","Smith, R.J.","St Quintin, P.","Swain, O.","Szczykulska, M.","Teagle, S.","Thornton, J.L.","Trill, E.J.","Vincent, P.","Ward, H.C.","Warwick, A.C.","Winterbourn, J.B."],"keyword":["COSMOS-UK","Agriculture","Climate and climate change","Ecosystem services","Environmental survey","Hydrology","Land use","Soil","Absolute humidity","Atmospheric pressure","Cosmic-Ray sensing probe","Longwave radiation","Shortwave radiation","Net radiation","Potential evapotranspiration","Rainfall","Relative humidity","Soil heat flux","Soil humidity","Soil temperature","Soil water content","Soil wetness","Soil depth 2cm","Soil depth 5cm","Soil depth 10cm","Soil depth 20cm","Soil depth 50cm","UK","Volumetric water content","VWC","Wind direction","Wind speed","Latent heat","Sensible heat","atmospheric humidity","air temperature","soil","soil moisture","atmospheric precipitation","evapotranspiration"],"keywordsProject":["COSMOS-UK"],"keywordsTheme":["Agriculture","Climate and climate change","Ecosystem services","Environmental survey","Hydrology","Land use","Soil"],"keywordsOther":["Absolute humidity","Atmospheric pressure","Cosmic-Ray sensing probe","Longwave radiation","Shortwave radiation","Net radiation","Potential evapotranspiration","Rainfall","Relative humidity","Soil heat flux","Soil humidity","Soil temperature","Soil water content","Soil wetness","Soil depth 2cm","Soil depth 5cm","Soil depth 10cm","Soil depth 20cm","Soil depth 50cm","UK","Volumetric water content","VWC","Wind direction","Wind speed","Latent heat","Sensible heat","atmospheric humidity","air temperature","soil","soil moisture","atmospheric precipitation","evapotranspiration"],"observedPropertyValue":["DATE_TIME","LWIN","LWOUT","SWIN","SWOUT","RN","PRECIP","PRECIP_TIPPING","PRECIP_RAINE","PA","TA","WS","WD","Q","RH","SNOW_DEPTH","UX","UY","UZ","G1","G2","TDT1_TSOIL","TDT2_TSOIL","TDT1_VWC","TDT2_VWC","TDT3_TSOIL","TDT4_TSOIL","TDT3_VWC","TDT4_VWC","TDT5_TSOIL","TDT6_TSOIL","TDT5_VWC","TDT6_VWC","TDT7_TSOIL","TDT8_TSOIL","TDT7_VWC","TDT8_VWC","TDT9_TSOIL","TDT10_TSOIL","TDT9_VWC","TDT10_VWC","STP_TSOIL2","STP_TSOIL5","STP_TSOIL10","STP_TSOIL20","STP_TSOIL50"],"observedPropertyTitle":["DateTime","Incoming longwave radiation","Mean incoming longwave radiation","Mean outgoing longwave radiation","Mean incoming shortwave radiation","Mean outgoing shortwave radiation","Mean Net radiation","Total precipitation from Pluvio","Total precipitation from tipping bucket","Total precipitation from rain[e]","Mean atmospheric pressure","Mean air temperature","Mean wind speed","Mean wind direction","Maen absolute humidity","mean relative humidity","Snow depth","Mean X component of wind speed","Mean Y component of wind speed","Mean Z component of wind speed","Mean heat flux 1","Mean heat flux 2","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 2 at 10 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 1 at 10 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 1 at 10 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 2 at 10 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 4 at 5 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 3 at 5 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 3 at 5 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 4 at 5 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 5 at 15 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 6 at 15 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 5 at 15 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 6 at 15 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 7 at 25 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 8 at 25 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 7 at 25 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 8 at 25 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 9 at 50 cm","Soil temperature from TDT sensor 10 at 50 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 9 at 50 cm","Volumetric water content from TDT sensor 10 at 50 cm","Mean soil temperature at depth 2 cm","Mean soil temperature at depth 5 cm","Mean soil temperature at depth 10 cm","Mean soil temperature at depth 20 cm","Mean soil temperature at depth 50 cm"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Hydrometeorological and soil observations are recorded at sites around the UK using an array of sensors. Every hour, the raw data collected is sent to UKCEH in Wallingford, where it is subject to quality control. Soil volumetric water content data are derived from 30-minute hydrometeorological data and data from the cosmic-ray sensing probe by Python scripts run every hour. The data are calculated using the method outlined in Evans et al. 2016. Snow water equivalents are derived by Python scripts at the end of the day from the hydrometeorological data according to Wallbank et al., 2020. Potential evapotranspiration data are derived by Python scripts at the end of the day from the hydrometeorological data according to the Penman-Monteith method, (FAO Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56). All data (including raw, quality controlled and derived) is saved in an Oracle database.\n","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-6740","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-2969","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-4075","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0203-5958","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-9268","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-4712","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-5266","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7439-0393","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-3407","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-7916","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-9006","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-1416","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-4039","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9102-5413","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-2169","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-316X","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4445-8272","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-488X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1847-3127","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-2042","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-1153","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5820-7093","https;//orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-8435","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-4823","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-8942","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8881-185X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-5281"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a","10.5285/2dce161d-2fab-47bb-9fe6-38e7ed1ae18a"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture data (2013-2024) [COSMOS-UK]","topic":["0/Agriculture/","0/Climate and climate change/","0/Ecosystem services/","0/Environmental survey/","0/Hydrology/","0/Land use/","0/Soil/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","katwri"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset contains daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil moisture observations from the COSMOS-UK (cosmic-ray soil moisture) monitoring network from October 2013 to the end of 2024 . These data are from 51 sites across the UK recording a range of hydrometeorological..."},{"publicationDate":"2017-12-20T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Imperial College London","University of Helsinki","Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté","University of Iceland"],"authorGivenName":["E.J.","S.I","Ó.B.","B."],"authorFamilyName":["O'Gorman","Robinson","McLaughlin","Marteinsdóttir"],"authorFullName":["O'Gorman, E.J.","Robinson, S.I.","McLaughlin, Ó.B.","Marteinsdóttir, B."],"authorOrcid":["http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-5690"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/041kmwe10","https://ror.org/040af2s02","https://ror.org/02dn7x778","https://ror.org/01db6h964"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"This is a dataset of environmental data, percentage vegetation cover, total invertebrate abundance, and mean invertebrate body mass, sampled at 96 soil habitat patches in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland, in July 2013. The habitat patches span a temperature gradient of 7-38 degrees C, yet they occur within 2 km of each other and have similar soil moisture, pH, total carbon, and total nitrogen. Effects of soil temperature on the structure and diversity of plant and invertebrate communities using this dataset are presented in Robinson et al. (2018), published in the Journal of Animal Ecology.","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/L011840/1"],"identifier":"0f074839-1630-4ccd-aa63-84d0da16b28a","incomingCitationCount":1,"givenName":["E.J.","S.I","Ó.B.","B."],"familyName":["O'Gorman","Robinson","McLaughlin","Marteinsdóttir"],"fullName":["O'Gorman, E.J.","Robinson, S.I.","McLaughlin, Ó.B.","Marteinsdóttir, B."],"keyword":["Hengill","Iceland","Climate and climate change","Environmental survey","Soil","Biodiversity"],"keywordsPlace":["Hengill","Iceland"],"keywordsTheme":["Climate and climate change","Environmental survey","Soil","Biodiversity"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Sampling was carried out in July 2013 in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland. GPS coordinates and the temperature, moisture, and pH of the soil at each habitat patch were recorded during the field expedition. Dried soil samples were shipped to the Forest Research Centre for Ecosystems, Society, and Biosecurity (Farnham, UK), where total carbon and total nitrogen were quantified. Photographs were taken of plant community quadrats during the expedition and percentage cover of each species was enumerated later. Invertebrate samples collected from pitfall trapping during the expedition were preserved in 70 percent ethanol, shipped to Queen Mary University of London, and later identified under a microscope in the laboratory.","locations":["POLYGON((-25.562 62.418, -25.562 67.591, -11.779 67.591, -11.779 62.418, -25.562 62.418))"],"orcid":["http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-5690"],"organisation":["Imperial College London","University of Helsinki","Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté","University of Iceland","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0f074839-1630-4ccd-aa63-84d0da16b28a","10.5285/0f074839-1630-4ccd-aa63-84d0da16b28a"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["Imperial College London"],"ror":["https://ror.org/041kmwe10","https://ror.org/040af2s02","https://ror.org/02dn7x778","https://ror.org/01db6h964","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Invertebrate biomass, vegetation cover, and environmental data from Hengill, Iceland","topic":["0/Climate and climate change/","0/Environmental survey/","0/Soil/","0/Biodiversity/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","shar1"],"shortenedDescription":"This is a dataset of environmental data, percentage vegetation cover, total invertebrate abundance, and mean invertebrate body mass, sampled at 96 soil habitat patches in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland, in July 2013. The habitat patches span a temperature gradient..."},{"publicationDate":"2016-03-04T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["E.C.","H.","J.L.","A.J.","S.A.","M.","E."],"authorFamilyName":["Rowe","Toberman","Adams","Lawlor","Thacker","Patel","Tipping"],"authorFullName":["Rowe, E.C.","Toberman, H.","Adams, J.L.","Lawlor, A.J.","Thacker, S.A.","Patel, M.","Tipping, E."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-6512"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"Data comprise bracken biomass, soil and bracken chemistry (for example mass, bulk density, pH, carbon, nitrogen and the concentration of a range of other elements) precipitation, percentage ground cover of plant species and site information. Samples were collected between 21st July and 6th August 2014 at 49 plots in the English lake district and Snowdonia in Wales. Plots were located in stands with minimum 80% bracken cover and which had not been trampled by grazing animals. The study was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council under the Macronutrient Cycling Research Programme, as part of the Long-Term, Large-Scale (LTLS) project (Grant no. NE/J011533/1), and by the University of Liverpool (Grant no. NE/J011630/1). ","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/J011533/1"],"identifier":"5b89d8f3-86f0-431c-844f-eda5ddae9042","incomingCitationCount":1,"givenName":["Ed","E.C.","H.","J.L.","A.J.","S.A.","M.","E."],"familyName":["Rowe","Toberman","Adams","Lawlor","Thacker","Patel","Tipping"],"fullName":["Rowe, E.","Rowe, E.C.","Toberman, H.","Adams, J.L.","Lawlor, A.J.","Thacker, S.A.","Patel, M.","Tipping, E."],"keyword":["Snowdonia","Lake District","Environmental survey","Soil","macronutrient","micronutrient","productivity","NPP","limitation","potassium","molybdenum","stochiometry","Bracken","Pteridium","nitrogen","soil","phosphorus"],"keywordsPlace":["Snowdonia","Lake District"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey","Soil"],"keywordsOther":["macronutrient","micronutrient","productivity","NPP","limitation","potassium","molybdenum","stochiometry","Bracken","Pteridium","nitrogen","soil","phosphorus"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"References to accompany lineage are available from supporting information. Mean annual precipitation data were obtained for each location from the CEH-GEAR dataset, an interpolated grid based on a network of meteorological stations (Tanguy et al., 2014). The altitude of each location was determined in the field using a GPS device. Site-specific N deposition estimates were obtained from APIS (APIS, 2015). Plots of 1x 1 m were demarcated, and all plant species occurring in the plot were recorded. Bracken fronds that emerged from within the plot were cut at ground level, bulked and weighed. A subsample of approximately 500g was weighed, dried at 60°C to constant weight, and re-weighed to determine moisture content for calculating total dry bracken biomass. All other vegetation in the plot was cut at ground level and at the plot boundaries, and dried at 60°C to constant weight. A 25g subsample of dry bracken fronds was ground for chemical analysis. Carbon and N contents were determined by oxidative combustion followed by thermal conductivity detection using a Vario EL elemental analyser (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). Subsamples were digested using a method based on EPA (2007) in a 3:1 mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in sealed Teflon vessels, heated to 175°C over a period of 7 minutes and held at 175°C for 4.5 minutes. After cooling, the vessel contents were filtered and diluted to volume. Concentrations of P, K, Ca and Mg were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry using an Optima 7300DV analyser (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Massachusetts USA).\n\nSoil was sampled from three places within the plot using a 5 cm diameter split-tube auger. Plant litter was removed, and the auger was inserted to 15 cm depth. In a few plots this was not possible due to the presence of stones, and instead holes were excavated to 15 cm depth and their dimensions recorded. The fresh sample was weighed, and a subsample removed and weighed. Moisture content was determined by measuring the weight of the subsample after drying for three days at 60 oC, and the organic C concentration was determined by measuring weight after ignition at 350 oC for three days. The total dry weight of soil was determined, and used to calculate bulk density on the basis of the total volume of the auger or excavated holes. The pH of fresh soil was measured in a slurry of 10 g soil in 25 mL deionised water. The remaining fresh soil sample was air-dried, and stones and roots not passing through a 2 mm sieve were removed. The soil was then ground, and subsamples were taken for chemical analysis. Concentrations of soil total C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg were determined using the same methods as for plant tissue analysis. Organic P was obtained as the difference between total P and inorganic P concentrations. A 0.5 g milled sub-sample was used for the extraction of inorganic P using 25 ml of 0.5 M sulphuric acid, which was shaken for 16 hours, centrifuged at 10 000 rpm for 30 minutes and filtered into 50 ml test tubes. The filtrate was analysed for total inorganic P using molybdate colorimetry with a Seal Analytical AQ2 discrete analyser. \n\nSoil total N/C ratio was used as an indicator of N availability. The other nutrient elements were expressed as stocks, since mass concentration may under-represent availability in dense mineral soils and element/C ratio may underrepresent availability in more organic soils (Rowe et al., 2012). Stocks (g m-2) in the top 15 cm of soil were calculated using the bulk density measurement. The stock of organic P, and total element stocks of K, Ca and Mg, were used as indicators of availability.\n\nSpecies occurrence was used to characterise environmental conditions on the basis of indicator scores (Diekmann, 2003). Environmental trait scores for European species were defined by Ellenberg et al. (1992) on axes corresponding to fertility ('Ellenberg N'), alkalinity ('Ellenberg R'), moisture ('Ellenberg F') and light availability ('Ellenberg L'). In the current study, plot-specific values on each of these axes were calculated as the mean values for the species present of indicator scores as recalculated for UK species by Hill et al. (2000). Cover-weighting was not applied, in part to prevent the scores for bracken itself dominating the mean scores, but also since basing indicator scores on presence-absence data reduces the effect of short-term environmental variation (Kafer and Witte, 2004).","locations":["POLYGON((-4.166 53.119, -4.166 54.662, -2.532 54.662, -2.532 53.119, -4.166 53.119))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-6512"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/5b89d8f3-86f0-431c-844f-eda5ddae9042","10.5285/5b89d8f3-86f0-431c-844f-eda5ddae9042"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Survey of bracken biomass, soil chemistry and other environmental factors in Snowdonia and the Lake District in 2014 [LTLS]","topic":["0/Environmental survey/","0/Soil/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","jgar"],"shortenedDescription":"Data comprise bracken biomass, soil and bracken chemistry (for example mass, bulk density, pH, carbon, nitrogen and the concentration of a range of other elements) precipitation, percentage ground cover of plant species and site information. Samples were collected between..."},{"publicationDate":"2018-03-19T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["Bangor University","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["H.C.","L.L. ","M.R.","D.M.","D.L."],"authorFamilyName":["Glanville","De Sosa","Marshall","Cooper","Jones"],"authorFullName":["Glanville, H.C.","De Sosa, L.L.","Marshall, M.R.","Cooper, D.M.","Jones, D.L."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-6678","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-0616","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7918"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/006jb1a24","https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"Time series data of carbon release in disintegrations per minute are presented for different nitrogen and phosphorus treatments with a low glucose concentration substrate added as a carbon source to soil samples from six depths (0-15, 15-30, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200 and 250-300 centimetres). Soil cores were collected from a field experiment in the Conwy catchment in July 2016 and returned the laboratories of the School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University. A high molecular weight substrate was added as a carbon source to the samples and the rate of 14C-substrate mineralization measured.\n\nAll the work was carried out by trained members of staff from Bangor University and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.\nThe measurements were taken to improve understanding of the relationship between microbial activity and soil properties and depth of sampling, under differing nutrient availability.\n\nThe data were collected for the NERC project 'The Multi-Scale Response of Water quality, Biodiversity and Carbon Sequestration to Coupled Macronutrient Cycling from Source to Sea' (NE/J011991/1). The project is also referred to as Turf2Surf.","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/J011991/1"],"identifier":"c29d2ce1-0295-439b-adf1-98ed59f73fae","incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["Helen","H.C.","L.L. ","M.R.","D.M.","D.L."],"familyName":["Glanville","De Sosa","Marshall","Cooper","Jones"],"fullName":["Glanville, H.","Glanville, H.C.","De Sosa, L.L.","Marshall, M.R.","Cooper, D.M.","Jones, D.L."],"keyword":["liquid scintillation counter ","North Wales","Conwy catchment","T2S","Turf2Surf","Macronutrient Cycling Programme","MCP","Environmental survey","Soil core"],"keywordsInstrument":["liquid scintillation counter "],"keywordsPlace":["North Wales","Conwy catchment"],"keywordsProject":["T2S","Turf2Surf","Macronutrient Cycling Programme","MCP"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey"],"keywordsOther":["Soil core"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Soil cores were collected from the field site and returned to laboratories of the School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University. In the laboratory soil cores were divided into depth intervals of 0-15, 15-30, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200 and 250-300 centimetres and passed through a 5 millimetre sieve in order to remove stones and any plant material and to ensure sample homogeneity. To measure the rate of 14C-substrate mineralization, 5 grams of soil (dry weight equivalent to account for soil water content variability down the soil profile) was placed into sterile 50 ml polypropylene tubes. To determine the rate of 14CO2 evolution, 50 microlitres (µl) of 14C-glucose labelled nutrient solution was added to the soil surface. Immediately after nutrient addition, a vial containing 1 millilitre (ml) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) trap (1 Molar (M)) was added into the polypropylene tubes to capture 14CO2 evolved. The tubes were hermetically sealed and incubated at 10 degrees Celsius to represent the mean annual temperature of the catchment. The NaOH traps were changed after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 336, 504, 672, 840 and 1008 hours and then weekly up to 6 weeks after initial 14C-labelling for the glucose-C additions. On removal, the NaOH traps were mixed with Optiphase HiSafe 3® liquid scintillation fluid (PerkinElmer Inc.) and the amount of 14CO2 captured was determined using a Wallac 1404 liquid scintillation counter (Wallac EG & G).\n\nData were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and exported as a .csv file for ingestion into the EIDC","locations":["POLYGON((-3.784 53.201, -3.784 53.204, -3.781 53.204, -3.781 53.201, -3.784 53.201))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-6678","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-0616","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7918"],"organisation":["Bangor University","Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/c29d2ce1-0295-439b-adf1-98ed59f73fae","10.5285/c29d2ce1-0295-439b-adf1-98ed59f73fae"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/006jb1a24","https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","supplementalDescription":["Project website"],"supplementalName":["Turf2Surf"],"title":"Time series of microbial carbon release from soil as carbon dioxide under different nitrogen and phosphorus treatments with a low glucose concentration added as a carbon source in the Conwy catchment, North Wales, UK (2016)","topic":["0/Environmental survey/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","danor"],"shortenedDescription":"Time series data of carbon release in disintegrations per minute are presented for different nitrogen and phosphorus treatments with a low glucose concentration substrate added as a carbon source to soil samples from six depths (0-15, 15-30, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200..."},{"publicationDate":"2020-05-05T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["University of Bath ","7 Lakes Alliance"],"authorGivenName":["E.I.","D.J."],"authorFamilyName":["Slavin","Wain"],"authorFullName":["Slavin, E.I.","Wain, D.J."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9400-0703","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-102X"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"This dataset contains Dissolved oxygen concentrations from two different locations in Durleigh Reservoir in Somerset, England. Two miniDOT oxygen loggers were fitted with miniWIPERs and deployed at two locations in Durleigh on 30 May 2018. Both sensors were collected on 5 October 2018 and the raw data files are presented in this dataset.","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"identifier":"26b35c45-c174-4930-b82c-bcd0d23c39e1","incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["E.I.","D.J.","Emily"],"familyName":["Slavin","Wain"],"fullName":["Slavin, E.I.","Wain, D.J.","Slavin, E."],"keyword":["Water quality","Pollution","Environmental survey","reservoir"],"keywordsTheme":["Water quality","Pollution","Environmental survey"],"keywordsOther":["reservoir"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Each location was marked with a buoy (A2 size) attached to a 10 kg weight using rope. The miniDOTs were attached onto the rope near the weight (bottom of the water column) at both locations. Both miniDOTs were set up to take measurements at ten-minute intervals for dissolved oxygen (% saturation and mg l-1) and temperature (deg C)\n\nThe first site, labelled location 2, is closer to the artificial mixing devices (surface mixers) installed in the reservoir (60 m away) and deeper, with a water depth of 6 m when the MiniDOT logger was deployed. The second site, labelled location 3, is farther away from the artificial mixing devices installed in the reservoir (435 m away) and in a shallower region, with a water depth of 4 m on deployment. On the 13 June 2018 and 21 August 2018, both miniDOTs were brought to the surface to change miniWIPER batteries and remove any fouling from the sensors. Nevertheless, there were periods during the 2018 deployment where the sensors were fouled, and dissolved oxygen measurements were reading 0% saturation.","locations":["POLYGON((-3.056 51.118, -3.056 51.125, -3.037 51.125, -3.037 51.118, -3.056 51.118))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9400-0703","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-102X"],"organisation":["University of Bath ","7 Lakes Alliance","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/26b35c45-c174-4930-b82c-bcd0d23c39e1","10.5285/26b35c45-c174-4930-b82c-bcd0d23c39e1"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Dissolved Oxygen concentrations from Durleigh Reservoir, 2018","topic":["0/Water quality/","0/Pollution/","0/Environmental survey/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","clwe"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset contains Dissolved oxygen concentrations from two different locations in Durleigh Reservoir in Somerset, England. Two miniDOT oxygen loggers were fitted with miniWIPERs and deployed at two locations in Durleigh on 30 May 2018. Both sensors were collected..."},{"publicationDate":"2023-12-07T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Ecological Survey (Bangor)"],"authorGivenName":["S.","L.","M.","N.","E.","B.A.","R.A.","H.","P.A.","A.","P.","A.M.","I.","D.W.","M.G.","R.L.","S.M.","C.M.","D.A."],"authorFamilyName":["Reinsch","Bentley","Brentegani","Chetiu","Dhiedt","Emmett","Fitos","Garbutt","Guyatt","Henrys","Hunt","Keenan","Keith","Lebron","Mensah","Pallett","Pereira","Risser","Rowe","Salisbury","Scarlett","Smart","Tandy","Wagner","Wallace","Wood","Robinson"],"authorFullName":["Reinsch, S.","Bentley, L.","Brentegani, M.","Chetiu, N.","Dhiedt, E.","Emmett, B.A.","Fitos, E.","Garbutt, R.A.","Guyatt, H.","Henrys, P.A.","Hunt, A.","Keenan, P.","Keith, A.M.","Lebron, I.","Mensah, E.","Pallett, D.W.","Pereira, M.G.","Risser, H.","Rowe, R.L.","Salisbury, E.","Scarlett, P.","Smart, S.M.","Tandy, S.","Wagner, M.","Wallace, H.","Wood, C.M.","Robinson, D.A."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-0677","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-7673","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-6800","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-4389","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-9786","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-1320","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-9717","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-7832","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0662-0991","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-2998","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4867"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"This dataset consists of measures of topsoil (0-15 cm) physico-chemical properties from soils sampled from 110 x 1-km squares across Great Britain in 2022 as part of a rolling soil and vegetation monitoring program of 500 1-km squares repeated every 5 years. The properties included are: pH, soil organic matter (loss on ignition, LOI), derived carbon concentration and carbon stock (SOC), soil group, soil bulk density of fine earth, soil moisture of wet soil, fine earth volumetric water content (dry), nitrogen concentration and stock, and Olsen-phosphorus concentration. \n\nThe UKCEH Countryside Survey is a unique study or 'audit' of the natural resources of the UK's countryside. The sample sites are chosen from a stratified random sample, based on a 15 by 15 km grid of GB. Surveys have been carried out in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007 by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and predecessors, with repeated visits to most of the squares. The countryside is sampled and surveyed using rigorous scientific methods, allowing us to compare new results with those from previous surveys. In this way, we can detect the gradual and subtle changes that occur in the UK's countryside over time. In addition to soil data, vegetation species data are also gathered by the current phase of the UKCEH Countryside Survey.\n\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability.\n","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/R016429/1"],"identifier":"d53fdf1d-767a-4046-821a-ea645001ddd3","incomingCitationCount":0,"givenName":["S.","L.","M.","N.","E.","B.A.","R.A.","H.","P.A.","A.","P.","A.M.","I.","D.W.","M.G.","R.L.","S.M.","C.M.","D.A."],"familyName":["Reinsch","Bentley","Brentegani","Chetiu","Dhiedt","Emmett","Fitos","Garbutt","Guyatt","Henrys","Hunt","Keenan","Keith","Lebron","Mensah","Pallett","Pereira","Risser","Rowe","Salisbury","Scarlett","Smart","Tandy","Wagner","Wallace","Wood","Robinson"],"fullName":["Reinsch, S.","Bentley, L.","Brentegani, M.","Chetiu, N.","Dhiedt, E.","Emmett, B.A.","Fitos, E.","Garbutt, R.A.","Guyatt, H.","Henrys, P.A.","Hunt, A.","Keenan, P.","Keith, A.M.","Lebron, I.","Mensah, E.","Pallett, D.W.","Pereira, M.G.","Risser, H.","Rowe, R.L.","Salisbury, E.","Scarlett, P.","Smart, S.M.","Tandy, S.","Wagner, M.","Wallace, H.","Wood, C.M.","Robinson, D.A."],"keyword":["Environmental survey","Soil","derived carbon concentration","electrical conductivity","fine earth volumetric water content","Great Britain","Olsen-phosphorous","SOC","soil bulk density of fine earth","soil nitrogen","soil organic matter","soil pH","total soil organic carbon","UK-SCAPE"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey","Soil"],"keywordsOther":["derived carbon concentration","electrical conductivity","fine earth volumetric water content","Great Britain","Olsen-phosphorous","SOC","soil bulk density of fine earth","soil nitrogen","soil organic matter","soil pH","total soil organic carbon","UK-SCAPE"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":"Within each of 110 x 1km sample squares, a set of soil samples were taken from up to 5 pre-determined randomly dispersed locations (where practically possible). The soil sample analysed for soil metrics was taken using a black plastic core ('C-core'), 15 cm long, from a location co-incident with vegetation surveys. \n \nAfter collection, the soil cores were refrigerated and stored until posted, usually within a couple of days, to laboratories at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bangor and Lancaster. Analysed data were transferred to secure databases at UKCEH following sample analysis. \n","locations":["POLYGON((-8.648 49.864, -8.648 60.861, 1.768 60.861, 1.768 49.864, -8.648 49.864))"],"orcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-0677","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-7673","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-6800","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-4389","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-9786","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-1320","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-9717","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-7832","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0662-0991","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-2998","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4867"],"organisation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","Ecological Survey (Bangor)","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d53fdf1d-767a-4046-821a-ea645001ddd3","10.5285/d53fdf1d-767a-4046-821a-ea645001ddd3"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","rightsHolder":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"ror":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Topsoil physico-chemical properties from the UKCEH Countryside Survey, Great Britain, 2022","topic":["0/Environmental survey/","0/Soil/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","jenroe"],"shortenedDescription":"This dataset consists of measures of topsoil (0-15 cm) physico-chemical properties from soils sampled from 110 x 1-km squares across Great Britain in 2022 as part of a rolling soil and vegetation monitoring program of 500 1-km squares repeated every 5 years. The properties..."},{"publicationDate":"2020-05-19T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["British Geological Survey","Imperial College London","Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","T.M. Bhagalpur University"],"authorGivenName":["B.","J.","T.","C.","S.","A."],"authorFamilyName":["Ó Dochartaigh","O'Keeffe","Nair","Jackson","Krishnaswamy","Chaudhary","MacDonald"],"authorFullName":["Ó Dochartaigh, B.","O'Keeffe, J.","Nair, T.","Jackson, C.","Krishnaswamy, J.","Chaudhary, S.","MacDonald, A."],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","https://ror.org/041kmwe10","https://ror.org/02e22ra24","https://ror.org/009p4eg54"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"The dataset contains groundwater levels from ten boreholes located in the Gandak Basin, Bihar, North India. The data was collected using automatic level loggers recording at 15-minute intervals between April 2017 and February 2019. This data set quantifies the effects of groundwater abstraction on, and seasonal changes in groundwater levels.\n\nThe data were collected as part of the NERC sponsored project Coupled Human and Natural Systems Environment (CHANSE), grant number NE/N01670X/1","documentType":"GEMINI_DOCUMENT","funder":["Natural Environment Research Council"],"grant":["NE/N01670X/1"],"identifier":"21df678b-6eb6-4559-9005-8eb7953b48ef","incomingCitationCount":1,"givenName":["B.","J.","T.","C.","S.","A.","Jimmy"],"familyName":["Ó Dochartaigh","O'Keeffe","Nair","Jackson","Krishnaswamy","Chaudhary","MacDonald"],"fullName":["Ó Dochartaigh, B.","O'Keeffe, J.","Nair, T.","Jackson, C.","Krishnaswamy, J.","Chaudhary, S.","MacDonald, A."],"keyword":["Coupled Human and Natural Systems Environment (CHANSE)","Environmental survey","Water quality","groundwater"],"keywordsProject":["Coupled Human and Natural Systems Environment (CHANSE)"],"keywordsTheme":["Environmental survey","Water quality"],"keywordsOther":["groundwater"],"licence":"Open government licence","lineage":" Data was recorded using pressure transducers located in boreholes and calibrated using barometers located nearby. The data were downloaded by trained members of staff from Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bihar and Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE). These measurements were taken to improve understanding on how groundwater levels vary throughout the year in terms of rainfall and groundwater abstraction. Further details can be found in the supporting documentation.\n\nThe data were collected as part of the NERC sponsored project Coupled Human and Natural Systems Environment (CHANSE), grant number NE/N01670X/1.","locations":["POLYGON((83.781 25.71, 83.781 27.223, 87.033 27.223, 87.033 25.71, 83.781 25.71))"],"organisation":["British Geological Survey","Imperial College London","Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","T.M. Bhagalpur University","NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","NERC Environmental Information Data Centre"],"recordType":"Dataset","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/21df678b-6eb6-4559-9005-8eb7953b48ef","10.5285/21df678b-6eb6-4559-9005-8eb7953b48ef"],"resourceStatus":"Available","resourceType":"Dataset","ror":["https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","https://ror.org/041kmwe10","https://ror.org/02e22ra24","https://ror.org/009p4eg54","https://ror.org/04xw4m193"],"state":"published","title":"Recorded groundwater levels taken from locations within the Gandak River Basin, Bihar, India, 2017-2019","topic":["0/Environmental survey/","0/Water quality/"],"version":1.0,"view":["public","clwe"],"shortenedDescription":"The dataset contains groundwater levels from ten boreholes located in the Gandak Basin, Bihar, North India. The data was collected using automatic level loggers recording at 15-minute intervals between April 2017 and February 2019. This data set quantifies the effects..."},{"publicationDate":"2025-05-09T00:00:00.000+00:00","authorAffiliation":["UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"],"authorGivenName":["Heidrun","B.A.","H.","A.G.","K.","G.","S."],"authorFamilyName":["Feuchtmayr","Dodd","Guyatt","Hunt","Le Quesne","McShane","Moorhouse","Rankin","Rhodes","Thackeray"],"authorFullName":["Feuchtmayr, H.","Dodd, B.A.","Guyatt, H.","Hunt, A.G.","Le Quesne, K.","McShane, G.","Moorhouse, H.","Rankin, G.","Rhodes, G.","Thackeray, S."],"authorOrcid":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-4843","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-9881","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-3843","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-2706"],"authorRor":["https://ror.org/00pggkr55"],"catalogue":"eidc","description":"This is part of an ongoing long-term monitoring dataset of surface temperature, surface oxygen, water clarity, water chemistry and phytoplankton chlorophyll a from fortnightly sampling at Blelham Tarn in Cumbria, England that began in 1945 for some variables. The data have been collected by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH). The data available to download comprise surface temperature (TEMP) in degree Celsius, surface oxygen saturation (OXYG) in % air-saturation, Secchi depth (SECC) in metres, alkalinity (ALKA) in µg per litre as CaCO3 and pH. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4N), total oxidised nitrogen (TON), soluble reactive phosphate (PO4P), total phosphorus (TOTP), dissolved reactive silicon expressed as SiO2 (SIO2) and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (TOCA) are all given in µg per litre. Water samples are based on a sample integrated from 0 to 5 m. Water chemistry values below the detection limit, are indicated by a < sign in the column titled ‘sign(if