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The estimates, along with their respective estimates of uncertainty, are provided at a 1 km x 1 km resolution. These data were modelled from Defra British Survey of Fertiliser Practice (BSFP) data using a spatial interpolation procedure.\n\nDifferent uses and potential applications of the produced maps, including the following: \n1) Modelling nutrient fate to predict impacts of changes in farming practices (intensification/extensification) on nutrient runoff to water;\n2) Estimating greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions due to fertiliser application to crops and grassland (linked with air quality impacts);\n3) Quantifying past and future impacts of eutrophication and/or agricultural management on agricultural ecosystems and indicators such as arable plants, farmland birds, pollinators;\n4) Linking crop growth models to predict areas where better nutrient management may improve yields;\n5) Improving policies aimed at mitigating negative impacts of fertiliser use (e.g. catchment sensitive farming to reduce pollution and/or improve water quality).\n\n\nThis data product was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under research programme NE/N018125/1 Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems (ASSIST).  ASSIST is an initiative jointly supported by NERC and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).","distributionFormats":[{"name":"TIFF","type":"image/tiff","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems (ASSIST)","awardNumber":"NE/N018125/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/N018125/1","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"id":"15f415db-e87b-4ab5-a2fb-37a78e7bf051","incomingCitationCount":4,"incomingCitations":[{"description":"Brown, C., Seo, B., Alexander, P., Burton, V., Chacón‐Montalván, E.A., Dunford, R., Merkle, M., Harrison, P.A., Prestele, R., Robinson, E.L., & Rounsevell, M.(2022). Agent‐Based Modeling of Alternative Futures in the British Land Use System. Earth’s Future, 10(11)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ef002905"},{"description":"Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Jebari, A., & Collins, A.L. (2024). Impacts of reduced synthetic fertiliser use under current and future climates: Exploration using integrated agroecosystem modelling in the upper River Taw observatory, UK. In Journal of Environmental Management (Vol. 351, p. 119732). Elsevier BV. ","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119732"},{"description":"Upcott, E.V., Henrys, P.A., Redhead, J.W., Jarvis, S.G., & Pywell, R.F. (2023). A new approach to characterising and predicting crop rotations using national-scale annual crop maps. In Science of The Total Environment (Vol. 860, p. 160471). Elsevier BV. ","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160471"},{"description":"Corcoran, E., Afshar, M., Curceac, S., Lashkari, A., Raza, M.M., Ahnert, S., Mead, A., & Morris, R. (2023). Current data and modeling bottlenecks for predicting crop yields in the United Kingdom. In Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems (Vol. 7). Frontiers Media SA. ","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1023169"}],"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/15f415db-e87b-4ab5-a2fb-37a78e7bf051.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Land Use","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/lu"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"Fertiliser application"},{"value":"Nitrogen"},{"value":"Phosphorus "},{"value":"Potassium "}],"keywordsPlace":[{"value":"England"}],"keywordsProject":[{"value":"Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems"},{"value":"ASSIST"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Agriculture","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/1"},{"value":"Land use","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/12"},{"value":"Mapping","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/18"}],"licences":[{"value":"Bespoke licensing conditions apply to these data. 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For further information, please see the supporting documentation available with this data product.","metadataDate":"2026-07-03T08:41:42","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://order-eidc.ceh.ac.uk/resources/J49VAAWT/order","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"order","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/15f415db-e87b-4ab5-a2fb-37a78e7bf051.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"familyName":"Osório","givenName":"Bruno","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","address":{"deliveryPoint":"Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford","city":"Wallingford","administrativeArea":"Oxfordshire","postalCode":"OX10 8BB","country":"United 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