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Outliers were also removed at the beginning and end of sample where appropriate. Calibrations at two levels were done for methane gas flux (at 14, and 33 ppm), carbon dioxide gas flux (at 500 and 1000 ppm) and nitrous oxide gas flux (at 200 and 370 ppm). For soil extractable nitrate and potassium chloride, the analysis used 5% analytical replicates, recalibration (at 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 ppm) and blanks every 20 samples. 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