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The properties included are: pH, soil organic matter (loss on ignition, LOI), derived carbon concentration and carbon stock from LOI (SOC), soil group, soil bulk density of fine earth, soil moisture of wet soil, fine earth volumetric water content (dry), and nitrogen concentration and stock.\n\nThe UKCEH Countryside Survey is a unique study or 'audit' of the natural resources of the UK's countryside. The sample sites are chosen from a stratified random sample, based on a 15 by 15 km grid of GB. Surveys have been carried out in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007 by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and predecessors, with repeated visits to most of the squares. The countryside is sampled and surveyed using rigorous scientific methods, allowing us to compare new results with those from previous surveys. In this way, we can detect the gradual and subtle changes that occur in the UK's countryside over time. In addition to soil data, vegetation species data are also gathered by the current phase of the UKCEH Countryside Survey. \n\nThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability and through the UKCEH National Capability for UK Challenges Programme NE/Y006208/1.\n","distributionFormats":[{"name":"Comma-separated values (CSV)","type":"text/csv","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"UK-SCaPE)","awardNumber":"NE/R016429/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/R016429/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"NC UK","awardNumber":"NE/Y006208/1","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"hasOnlineServiceAgreement":false,"id":"38d6f5b4-4d03-4006-aa55-91894378ef27","incomingCitationCount":0,"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/38d6f5b4-4d03-4006-aa55-91894378ef27.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Environmental Monitoring Facilities","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/ef"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"derived carbon concentration"},{"value":"electrical conductivity","uri":"http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21552"},{"value":"fine earth volumetric water content"},{"value":"SOC"},{"value":"soil","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7843"},{"value":"soil bulk density of fine earth"},{"value":"soil nitrogen","uri":"http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/22259"},{"value":"soil organic matter"},{"value":"soil pH","uri":"http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/22264"},{"value":"soil organic carbon","uri":"http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/22261"},{"value":"UK-SCAPE"},{"value":"NC UK"},{"value":"Great Britain"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Environmental survey","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/7"}],"licences":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl/plain"}],"lineage":"The 1km grid squares sampled in the topsoil winter survey were selected from the whole Countryside Survey (CS) square population. Squares featuring only non-target habitats (Broadleaved and Coniferous woodlands, Bogs and Fen, Marsh, and Swamp) were excluded. Care was taken to replicate the CS square distribution within environmental zones as closely as possible within the given constraints.\n\nWithin each of the 146 x 1-km sample squares, a set of soil samples were taken from up to 5 pre-determined randomly dispersed locations (where practically possible). The soil sample analysed for soil metrics was taken using a black plastic core ('C-core'), 15 cm long, from a location co-incident with vegetation surveys.\nAfter collection, the soil cores were refrigerated and stored until posted, usually within a couple of days, to laboratories at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bangor and Lancaster. Analysed data were transferred to secure databases at UKCEH following sample analysis.\n\nA robust system is in place to apply quality assurance (QA) checks to the data on a regular basis. UKCEH laboratory staff and data scientists developed a data workflow to ensure the highest possible data standard using R-scripts and guidance documents. Throughout this workflow, any changes or updates made to the dataset are recorded against the data record and the QA step that necessitated the change, to ensure data processing is transparent and auditable.\n","metadataDate":"2026-06-29T18:24:03","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/38d6f5b4-4d03-4006-aa55-91894378ef27","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"download","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/38d6f5b4-4d03-4006-aa55-91894378ef27.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"familyName":"Reinsch","givenName":"S.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & 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