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The catchments are dominated by four land cover types, shola, grassland, pine and wattle. The data were collected between May 2014 and December 2016. Tipping bucket wired rain gauges were used to measure rainfall. Stream discharge was measured from stilling wells and capacitance probe-based water level recorders. A mini-disk infiltrometer was used to measure the hydraulic conductivity of soils. Dry season data has not been included in this dataset as its focus is on extreme rain events.\n\nThe data were collected as part of a series of eco-hydrology projects that explored the impact of land cover on rain-runoff response, carbon sequestration and nutrient and sediment discharge.\n\nThe dataset presented here was collected by a team of three to five researchers and field assistants who were engaged in the installation of the data loggers and their regular operation and maintenance. Four research agencies have partnered across multiple projects to sustain the data collection efforts that started in June 2013 and continue (June 2020). These are the Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning - Pondicherry, the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment - Bangalore, the Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University - UK, and the National Centre for Biological Sciences - Bangalore. Funding was provided by Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India from the Changing Water Cycle programme (Grant Ref: MoES/NERC/16/02/10 PC-II) and the Hydrologic footprint of Invasive Alien Species project (MOES/PAMC/H&C/85/2016-PC-II). Additional funding was provided by UKRI Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/I022450/1 (Western Ghats-Capacity within the NERC Changing Water Cycle programme) and WWF-India as part of the Noyyal-Bhavani program.This research took place inside protected areas in the Nilgiri Division for which permissions and support were provided continually by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department, particularly the office of the District Forest Officer, Udhagamandalam.","distributionFormats":[{"name":"Comma-separated values (CSV)","type":"text/csv","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"Hydrologic and carbon services in the Western Ghats: Response of forests and agro-ecosystems to extreme rainfall events","awardNumber":"NE/I022450/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE/I022450/1","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"id":"9257a999-2844-4be1-80d1-fd29e2ccf9ef","incomingCitationCount":0,"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/9257a999-2844-4be1-80d1-fd29e2ccf9ef.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"keywordsInstrument":[{"value":"Tipping bucket wired rain gauge"},{"value":"stilling wells"},{"value":"capacitance probe"},{"value":"mini-disk infiltrometer"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"Daily rainfall"},{"value":"Daily discharge"},{"value":"hydraulic conductivity"},{"value":"Impacts of land cover"}],"keywordsPlace":[{"value":"Southern Western Ghats"},{"value":"Upper Nilgiris"},{"value":"India"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Land cover","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/11"},{"value":"Hydrology","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/9"},{"value":"Soil","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/17"}],"licences":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl/plain"}],"lineage":"Tipping bucket wired rain gauges were used to measure rainfall. Stream discharge was measured from stilling wells and capacitance probe based water level recorders. A mini-disk infiltrometer was used to measure the hydraulic conductivity of soils. Data from loggers on the rain gauges and water level recorder were downloaded fortnightly onto field laptops. Field notes were maintained for the hydraulic conductivity data and for recording metadata during field visits. Data was processed in the field station using R scripts which included routines to plot and visualise data to assure quality. Rainfall and discharge data were aggregated to daily time steps and output as a .csv file for deposit into the EIDC.","metadataDate":"2026-06-29T16:45:41","notGEMINI":true,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/9257a999-2844-4be1-80d1-fd29e2ccf9ef","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"download","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/9257a999-2844-4be1-80d1-fd29e2ccf9ef.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"familyName":"Bhalla","givenName":"R.S.","organisationName":"Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and Learning","role":"pointOfContact","email":"bhalla@feralindia.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-4470","address":{"country":"India"},"fullName":"Bhalla, R.S.","pointOfContact":"Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy 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2014-2016","topicCategories":[{"value":"climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere"}],"topics":["http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/11","http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/9","http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/17"],"type":"dataset","uri":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/9257a999-2844-4be1-80d1-fd29e2ccf9ef","useConstraints":[{"value":"© Foundation for Ecological Research, Advocacy and learning","code":"copyright"},{"value":"© Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","code":"copyright"},{"value":"© Lancaster Environment Centre – Lancaster University ","code":"copyright"},{"value":"© National Centre for Biological Sciences","code":"copyright"},{"value":"© Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India","code":"copyright"},{"value":"© Natural Environmental Research Council, UK","code":"copyright"},{"value":"© WWF-India","code":"copyright"},{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl/plain"}]}