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The variables measured include carbon, nitrogen, pH, bulk density, dry matter, organic matter, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphate, phosphorus, conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. Each row records a single soil sample from a specific location at a defined depth band, with associated chemical measurements and metadata. The dataset contains 907 soil samples collected between November 2021 and November 2024 across 10 distinct project campaigns. The data were primarily collected to establish baseline soil conditions across the Wakehurst landscape, supporting research into soil carbon dynamics, fungal communities, and ecosystem function.","distributionFormats":[{"name":"Comma-separated values (CSV)","type":"text/csv","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"His Majesty's Treasury","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/03k33gq76","awardTitle":"Shared Outcomes Fund","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48","awardTitle":"Nature Returns","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"hasOnlineServiceAgreement":true,"id":"a6594b8e-3f42-432a-bfb3-7bd7a15ac03a","incomingCitationCount":0,"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/a6594b8e-3f42-432a-bfb3-7bd7a15ac03a.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Environmental Monitoring Facilities","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/ef"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"carbon stock","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/15092"},{"value":"soil texture","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7898"},{"value":"nitrogen","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/5605"},{"value":"pH","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/101"},{"value":"bulk density","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/271"},{"value":"Sussex"},{"value":"Wakehurst"},{"value":"monitoring network"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Soil","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/17"}],"licences":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/ogl/plain"}],"lineage":"Samples were collected using a standard manual soil corer. Loose leaf litter was removed before coring, and cores were extracted to the required depth. Where multiple depth bands were needed, cores were split at 15 cm in the field; where deeper samples (30-45 cm) were required, 15 cm cores were taken from a spade-dug hole at 30 cm depth. Samples were bagged, labelled, and dispatched to the laboratory within 48 hours of collection. Sampling designs varied by campaign. Annual baseline assessments and most research campaigns used random plot selection within habitat strata. Only the hedgerow and large tree surveys used purposive sampling to target specific landscape features. \n\nAll chemical analyses were conducted by NRM Laboratories (Cawood Scientific, UK), a UKAS-accredited laboratory. Carbon and nitrogen were determined by Dumas combustion. Soil pH was measured in a 1:2.5 soil:water suspension. Bulk density was measured gravimetrically from a known volume of dried, sieved soil. Dry matter was determined after drying at 105°C and organic matter by loss on ignition at 550°C. Available nutrients (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulphate, phosphorus) were extracted using standard methods including ammonium acetate extraction and the Olsen method for phosphorus. Cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, and soil texture (sand, silt, clay fractions by sedimentation) were also determined. Carbon stocks (t C ha⁻¹) were derived from carbon concentration, bulk density, and sample depth interval.\n\nSpatial coordinates were recorded using mobile phone GPS within the ESRI ArcGIS Field Maps application, with typical positional accuracy of ±5-10 m. Coordinates were verified against the Wakehurst estate boundary. Laboratory results were reviewed for anomalous values. Not all variables were measured for all samples, particularly soil texture and organic matter; missing values are coded as NA.","metadataDate":"2026-06-29T18:28:48","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/a6594b8e-3f42-432a-bfb3-7bd7a15ac03a","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"download","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/a6594b8e-3f42-432a-bfb3-7bd7a15ac03a.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"displayName":"Robert Barber","organisationName":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00ynnr806","role":"pointOfContact","email":"r.barber@kew.org","fullName":"Robert Barber","pointOfContact":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"}],"publicationDate":"2026-03-25T00:00:00.000Z","publishers":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"resourceIdentifiers":[{"code":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/a6594b8e-3f42-432a-bfb3-7bd7a15ac03a"},{"code":"10.5285/a6594b8e-3f42-432a-bfb3-7bd7a15ac03a","codeSpace":"doi"}],"resourceType":{"value":"dataset"},"responsibleParties":[{"displayName":"Robert Barber","organisationName":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00ynnr806","role":"pointOfContact","email":"r.barber@kew.org","fullName":"Robert Barber","pointOfContact":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Barber","givenName":"Robert A.","organisationName":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00ynnr806","role":"author","email":"r.barber@kew.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-5250","fullName":"Barber, R.A."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Wilkes","givenName":"Phil","organisationName":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00ynnr806","role":"author","email":"p.wilkes@kew.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6048-536X","fullName":"Wilkes, P."},{"honorificPrefix":"Mr","familyName":"Underwood","givenName":"Benjamin C.","organisationName":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00ynnr806","role":"author","email":"b.underwood@kew.org","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8186-4407","fullName":"Underwood, B.C."},{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Clarkson","givenName":"James. 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