{"accessLimitation":{"value":"noLimitations","availability":"Available","description":"Access to the resource is not subject to any access limitations and is available to all users without restriction.","uri":"http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/N07/current/UNRS/"},"authors":[{"familyName":"Rameshwaran","givenName":"Ponnambalam","displayName":"Rameshwaran, P.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-953X","fullName":"Rameshwaran, P."},{"familyName":"Bell","givenName":"Victoria A","displayName":"Bell, V.A.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-5650","fullName":"Bell, V.A."},{"familyName":"Davies","givenName":"Helen N.","displayName":"Davies, H.N.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-4853","fullName":"Davies, H.N."},{"familyName":"Rhodes-Smith","givenName":"Mark D.","displayName":"Rhodes-Smith, M.D.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-1107","fullName":"Rhodes-Smith, M.D."}],"availability":"Available","boundingBoxes":[{"westBoundLongitude":-7.487,"eastBoundLongitude":2.072,"southBoundLatitude":49.806,"northBoundLatitude":58.704,"bounds":"{\"type\": \"Feature\",      \"properties\": {},      \"geometry\": {        \"type\": \"Polygon\",        \"coordinates\": [[[-7.487, 49.806], [-7.487, 58.704], [2.072, 58.704], [2.072, 49.806], [-7.487, 49.806]]]      }}","coordinates":"[[[-7.487, 49.806], [-7.487, 58.704], [2.072, 58.704], [2.072, 49.806], [-7.487, 49.806]]]"}],"citation":{"authors":["Rameshwaran, P.","Bell, V.A.","Davies, H.N.","Rhodes-Smith, M.D."],"bibtex":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad/citation?format=bib","day":16,"doi":"10.5285/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad","month":1,"publisher":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","resourceTypeGeneral":"dataset","ris":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad/citation?format=ris","title":"Grid-to-Grid model simulations of daily anthropogenically influenced river flows for England and natural flows for Great Britain, 1961-2021","url":"https://doi.org/10.5285/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad","year":2026},"custodians":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"datasetReferenceDate":{"publicationDate":"2026-01-16"},"description":"The datasets provide Grid-to-Grid (G2G) hydrological model estimates of daily mean river flow (m3s-1) on a 1 km x 1 km grid. The river flows provided here are generated using the G2G model for Great Britain driven by observation-based meteorological data. They provide spatially consistent simulations of natural and anthropogenically influenced daily mean river flows. The natural flows are for the period 1st January 1961 to 31st December 2021, the observed-anthropogenically influenced flows are for 1st January 1999 to 31st December 2014 and the mean-anthropogenically influenced flows are for 1st January 1961 to 31st December 2021.\n\nThe G2G hydrological model spatial river flow simulations are available as follows: \n(a) Natural river flows across the whole of Great Britain, excluding Orkney and Shetland islands \n(b) Anthropogenically influenced river flows across the whole of England","distributionFormats":[{"name":"NetCDF","type":"application/netcdf","version":"4"},{"name":"Comma-separated values (CSV)","type":"text/csv","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"Hydro-JULES programme delivering National Capability","awardNumber":"NE/X019063/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"MaRIUS (Managing the Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties of droughts and water Scarcity)","awardNumber":"NE/L010208/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability","awardNumber":"NE/R016429/1","orcid":false,"ror":true},{"funderName":"UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ)","awardTitle":"Climate Services for a Net Zero Resilient World (CS-N0W)","awardURI":"https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/climate-services-for-a-net-zero-resilient-world","orcid":false,"ror":false}],"hasOnlineServiceAgreement":true,"id":"d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad","incomingCitationCount":0,"infoLinks":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Hydrography","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/hy"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"abstractions"},{"value":"anthropogenic influence"},{"value":"discharges"},{"value":"hands-off-flow"},{"value":"hydrology"},{"value":"river flows"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Hydrology","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/9"}],"licences":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/OGL/plain"}],"lineage":"The Grid-to-Grid model (G2G) is a grid-based, spatially distributed hydrological model which has recently been enhanced to take account of recorded monthly abstractions and annual discharges. While in practice, hydrological modelling has been undertaken for mainland Britain, model estimates for anthropogenically influenced catchments are only available for English catchments, albeit with a modest overlap of the Welsh border. This is because, to date, abstraction and discharge data are only available for England.","metadataDate":"2026-06-29T16:29:51","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/datastore/eidchub/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"fileAccess","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"familyName":"Rameshwaran","givenName":"P.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Rameshwaran, P.","pointOfContact":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"}],"publicationDate":"2026-01-16T00:00:00.000Z","publishers":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"resourceIdentifiers":[{"code":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad"},{"code":"10.5285/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad","codeSpace":"doi"}],"resourceType":{"value":"dataset"},"responsibleParties":[{"familyName":"Rameshwaran","givenName":"P.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Rameshwaran, P.","pointOfContact":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"},{"familyName":"Rameshwaran","givenName":"Ponnambalam","displayName":"Rameshwaran, P.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-953X","fullName":"Rameshwaran, P."},{"familyName":"Bell","givenName":"Victoria A","displayName":"Bell, V.A.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-5650","fullName":"Bell, V.A."},{"familyName":"Davies","givenName":"Helen N.","displayName":"Davies, H.N.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-4853","fullName":"Davies, H.N."},{"familyName":"Rhodes-Smith","givenName":"Mark D.","displayName":"Rhodes-Smith, M.D.","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-1107","fullName":"Rhodes-Smith, M.D."},{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","role":"rightsHolder"},{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"},{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"rightsHolders":[{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","role":"rightsHolder"}],"spatialReferenceSystems":[{"code":"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/27700","title":"OSGB 1936 / British National Grid"}],"spatialRepresentationTypes":["textTable","grid"],"spatialResolutions":[{"distance":"1000","uom":"urn:ogc:def:uom:EPSG::9001"}],"supplemental":[{"description":"Rameshwaran, P., Bell, V. A., Brown, M. J., Davies, H. N., Kay, A. L., Rudd, A. C., & Sefton, C. (2021). Use of Abstraction and Discharge Data to Improve the Performance of a National‐Scale Hydrological Model. Water Resources Research, 58(1).","url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029787","function":"relatedArticle"},{"description":"Rameshwaran, P., Bell, V. A., Davies, H. N., Sadler, P., Beverton, A., & Thornton, R. (2025). DATA DOCUMENTATION - Gridded actual groundwater, surface water and tidal water abstraction, discharge and Hands-off Flow datasets for England (1999 to 2014). Zenodo.","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13746897","function":"relatedDataset"},{"description":"Rameshwaran, P., Bell, V. A., Davies, H. N., Sadler, P., Beverton, A., Thornton, R., & Rhodes-Smith, M. (2025). Gridded actual groundwater, surface water and tidal water abstraction, discharge and Hands-off Flow datasets for England (1999 to 2014) [Dataset]. NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis.","url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5285/18886f95ba84447f997efac96df456ad","function":"relatedDataset"},{"description":"Rameshwaran, P., Bell, V. A., Davies, H. N., Baron, H., Keller, V., & Hannaford, J. (2025). DATA DOCUMENTATION - CS-NOW: Gridded future projections of natural and artificially influenced river flows (1980 to 2080). Zenodo.","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10958783","function":"relatedDataset"},{"description":"Rameshwaran, P., Bell, V. A., Davies, H. N., Baron, H., Keller, V., Hannaford, J., & Rhodes-Smith, M. (2025). CS-NOW: Gridded future projections of natural and artificially influenced river flows (1980 to 2080) [Dataset]. NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis.","url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5285/cf66055440344d7eb9b6f834e81736c6","function":"relatedDataset"}],"temporalExtents":[{"begin":"1961-01-01","end":"2021-12-31"}],"title":"Grid-to-Grid model simulations of daily anthropogenically influenced river flows for England and natural flows for Great Britain, 1961-2021","topicCategories":[{"value":"inlandWaters","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/inlandWaters"},{"value":"utilitiesCommunication","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/utilitiesCommunication"}],"topics":["http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/9"],"type":"dataset","uri":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d0588746-9632-4c75-94f2-67e20ba34cad","useConstraints":[{"value":"This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence","code":"license","uri":"https://eidc.ac.uk/licences/OGL/plain"}]}