{"accessLimitation":{"value":"embargoed","availability":"Embargoed","description":"Access to the resource is restricted until a specified date or the occurrence of a defined condition, after which access may be granted in accordance with applicable policies or licensing conditions","uri":"http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/N07/current/EMBG/"},"authors":[{"familyName":"Jarvis","givenName":"Susan","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-5135","fullName":"Jarvis, S."},{"familyName":"Arnett","givenName":"Jack","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Arnett, J."},{"familyName":"Redhead","givenName":"John","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-3848","fullName":"Redhead, J."},{"familyName":"Pywell","givenName":"Richard","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-9959","fullName":"Pywell, R."}],"availability":"Embargoed","boundingBoxes":[{"westBoundLongitude":-8.648,"eastBoundLongitude":1.768,"southBoundLatitude":49.864,"northBoundLatitude":60.861,"bounds":"{\"type\": \"Feature\",      \"properties\": {},      \"geometry\": {        \"type\": \"Polygon\",        \"coordinates\": [[[-8.648, 49.864], [-8.648, 60.861], [1.768, 60.861], [1.768, 49.864], [-8.648, 49.864]]]      }}","coordinates":"[[[-8.648, 49.864], [-8.648, 60.861], [1.768, 60.861], [1.768, 49.864], [-8.648, 49.864]]]"}],"citation":{"authors":["Jarvis, S.","Arnett, J.","Redhead, J.","Pywell, R."],"bibtex":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec/citation?format=bib","day":28,"doi":"10.5285/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec","month":7,"publisher":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","resourceTypeGeneral":"dataset","ris":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec/citation?format=ris","title":"UKCEH Land Cover plus: Pesticides 2012-2014, 2016-2018 and 2020-2022 (England, Scotland and Wales)","url":"https://doi.org/10.5285/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec","year":2026},"contactPoints":[{"familyName":"Jarvis","givenName":"Susan","displayName":"Susan Jarvis","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-5135","fullName":"Susan Jarvis","pointOfContact":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"}],"custodians":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"datasetReferenceDate":{"creationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationDate":"2026-07-28","releasedDate":"2026-08-05"},"description":"UKCEH Land Cover plus: Pesticides maps annual average pesticide applications across England, Wales and Scotland for three time periods (2012-2014, 2016-2018, 2020-2022). The product provides application estimates for 183 different active ingredients including herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides and fungicides. It is produced at a 1km resolution with units of kg active ingredient applied per year. This version of UKCEH Land Cover plus: Pesticides provides average annual application for three different time periods (2012-2014, 2016-2018, 2020-2022), allowing users to assess change in applications over time. This differs from the previous version of UKCEH Land Cover plus: Pesticides which provided a snapshot for a single time period (2012-2017).\n\nPesticide application rates (kg/km2/yr) are calculated for each of the crops grown in each 1km square, using information from CEH Land Cover® Plus: Crops to determine where each crop is grown. A backcasting method was used to estimate crop cover for the earliest time period. Pesticide application data is provided by the Pesticide Usage Survey. Uncertainty maps are produced alongside each active ingredient map to quantify the level of confidence in the estimated applications. Uncertainty is quantified using the distribution of each parameter estimate obtained from the modelling method and is expressed relative to the total application. The product builds upon the UKCEH Land Cover® Plus: Crops product.","distributionFormats":[{"name":"TIFF","type":"image/tiff","version":"unknown"}],"distributorContacts":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"distributor","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"funding":[{"funderName":"Natural Environment Research Council","funderIdentifier":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509","awardTitle":"AgZero+","awardNumber":"NE/W005050/1","awardURI":"https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW005050%2F1","orcid":false,"ror":true}],"hasOnlineServiceAgreement":true,"id":"d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec","incomingCitationCount":0,"inspireThemes":[{"theme":"Land Use","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme/lu"}],"keywordsOther":[{"value":"plant protection product","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6310"},{"value":"herbicide","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3933"},{"value":"fungicide","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3530"},{"value":"insecticide","uri":"http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4354"}],"keywordsTheme":[{"value":"Agriculture","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/1"},{"value":"Environmental risk","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/5"},{"value":"Mapping","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/18"},{"value":"Pollution","uri":"http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/15"}],"licences":[{"value":"Bespoke licensing conditions apply to these data. If you choose to download the data, the UKCEH Data Licensing team will contact you to negotiate a licence","code":"license"}],"lineage":"The maps use data from the Fera Pesticide Utilisation Surveys (PUS), SASA (Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture) Pesticide Survey Unit and CEH Land Cover® plus: Crops and have been assessed for quality. Briefly, data on pesticide application rates at county level are interpolated and matched to cropping data to create an estimate of application to each 1km square in England, Scotland and Wales for each time period. For further information, please see the supporting documentation available with this data product.","metadataDate":"2026-07-29T14:46:58","notGEMINI":false,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28T00:00:00.000Z","publishers":[{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"resourceIdentifiers":[{"code":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec"},{"code":"10.5285/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec","codeSpace":"doi"}],"resourceType":{"value":"dataset"},"rightsHolders":[{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"rightsHolder"}],"spatialReferenceSystems":[{"code":"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/27700","title":"OSGB 1936 / British National Grid"}],"spatialRepresentationTypes":["grid"],"spatialResolutions":[{"distance":"1000","uom":"urn:ogc:def:uom:EPSG::9001"}],"temporalExtents":[{"begin":"2012-01-01","end":"2022-12-31"}],"title":"UKCEH Land Cover plus: Pesticides 2012-2014, 2016-2018 and 2020-2022 (England, Scotland and Wales)","topicCategories":[{"value":"environment","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/environment"},{"value":"farming","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/farming"},{"value":"geoscientificInformation","uri":"http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/geoscientificInformation"}],"topics":["http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/1","http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/5","http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/18","http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CEHMD/topic/15"],"type":"dataset","uri":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d4259244-ce78-4248-811f-216495c32fec","useConstraints":[{"value":"Bespoke licensing conditions apply to these data. If you choose to download the data, the UKCEH Data Licensing team will contact you to negotiate a licence","code":"license"}]}