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The Heltondale Beck has a total length of 25.1 km and a catchment area of 11.8 square kilometres. The Howes Beck (also known as the Cawdale Beck) has a total length of 17.5 km and a catchment area of 9.1 square kilometres.\n\nSampling took place on the 23rd and 24th September 2010. Sampling reaches were selected approximately 100 metres upstream and downstream of water abstraction points in two streams, the Howes Beck and the Heltondale Beck. Location was recorded on Global Positioning System and a 100 metres sampling reach established around these locations within which the survey was carried out (50 meters upstream and 50 meters downstream). Water depth (centimetres) and wetted width (meters) were recorded at the centre of the 100m reaches as a mean of three readings. Map variables and geology were derived for those point locations using the Intelligent River Network (Version 17), which was first described in Dawson, F. H., Hornby, D. D., & Hilton, J. (2002). A method for the automated extraction of environmental variables to help the classification of rivers in Britain. In Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 391–403). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.534\n\nThe habitats in the100 metre reaches were assessed using the River Habitat Survey (RHS) method, for which the standard protocol is described in: Environment Agency. (2003) River Habitat Survey in Britain and Ireland. Field Survey Guidance Manual: 2003 version Environment Agency, Bristol , UK.\n\nFor macroinvertebrate sampling, five riffles were chosen at random within the 100 metre sampling reaches. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected from each of the five riffles using a Surber sample with a mesh size of 250 micrometer and sampling area of 0.0625 square meteres, disturbing the substrate by hand in the sample area to a depth of approximately 5 cm. Samples were then washed into plastic sample bags, labelled and were preserved with a 4 percent formaldehyde solution in the field. In the laboratory, samples were washed through a 250 micormenter sieve and all macroinvertebrates were picked from the samples and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, usually species. Valid taxonomic names and unique taxon identification codes were provided in: Davies, C. and Edwards, F.K. (2011) Code list for recording the macroinvertebrates in freshwater in the British Isles. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford.\n\nData entry was validated by crosschecking data print outs with laboratory sheets.","metadataDate":"2026-06-27T19:37:58","notGEMINI":false,"onlineResources":[{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/df65085c-d376-413e-9fbc-984f7b332878.zip","name":"Supporting information","description":"Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset","function":"information","type":"OTHER"},{"url":"https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/data/df65085c-d376-413e-9fbc-984f7b332878","name":"Download the data","description":"Download a copy of this data","function":"download","type":"OTHER"}],"pointsOfContact":[{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Edwards","givenName":"François","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","address":{"deliveryPoint":"Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford","city":"Wallingford","administrativeArea":"Oxfordshire","postalCode":"OX10 8BB","country":"United Kingdom"},"fullName":"Edwards, F.","pointOfContact":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"}],"publicationDate":"2016-06-22T00:00:00.000Z","publishers":[{"organisationName":"NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"}],"resourceIdentifiers":[{"code":"https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/df65085c-d376-413e-9fbc-984f7b332878"},{"code":"10.5285/df65085c-d376-413e-9fbc-984f7b332878","codeSpace":"doi"}],"resourceMaintenance":[{"frequencyOfUpdate":"notPlanned"}],"resourceType":{"value":"dataset"},"responsibleParties":[{"honorificPrefix":"Dr","familyName":"Edwards","givenName":"François","organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"pointOfContact","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","address":{"deliveryPoint":"Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford","city":"Wallingford","administrativeArea":"Oxfordshire","postalCode":"OX10 8BB","country":"United Kingdom"},"fullName":"Edwards, F.","pointOfContact":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology"},{"familyName":"Edwards","givenName":"F.K.","organisationName":"Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","address":{"deliveryPoint":"CEH Wallingford","city":"Wallingford","administrativeArea":"Oxfordshire","postalCode":"OX10 8BB","country":"UK"},"fullName":"Edwards, F.K."},{"familyName":"Scarlett","givenName":"P.","organisationName":"Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","nameIdentifier":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-8158","fullName":"Scarlett, P."},{"familyName":"Vincent","givenName":"H.","organisationName":"Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Vincent, H."},{"familyName":"Webb","givenName":"G.P.","organisationName":"Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"author","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk","fullName":"Webb, G.P."},{"organisationName":"NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"custodian","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"},{"organisationName":"NERC Environmental Information Data Centre","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/04xw4m193","role":"publisher","email":"info@eidc.ac.uk"},{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"rightsHolder","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk"}],"rightsHolders":[{"organisationName":"UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology","organisationIdentifier":"https://ror.org/00pggkr55","role":"rightsHolder","email":"enquiries@ceh.ac.uk"}],"service":{"type":"download"},"spatialReferenceSystems":[{"code":"http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/27700","title":"OSGB 1936 / British National Grid"}],"spatialRepresentationTypes":["textTable"],"spatialResolutions":[{"distance":"100","uom":"urn:ogc:def:uom:EPSG::9001"}],"supplemental":[{"description":"Dawson, F. 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