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Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on ecosystem health including the natural resources and services (collectively 'natural capital') that support human life, health and economic activity.  Butterflies are uniquely placed amongst British terrestrial insect and other invertebrate groups to act as indicators of the state of the environment, allowing us to assess the impacts of climate change and the progress of government policy initiatives to conserve biodiversity.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"aa7083da-6f9b-4b22-8538-a9f6953f5825","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"UKBMS provides leadership, coordination, expert support and underlying infrastructure to identify and record butterfly species distributions and abundance at more than 2,000 UK sites each year across a range of habitat types.  Butterflies are biologically suitable as indicator species, having rapid lifecycles and, in many cases, high sensitivity to environmental conditions.  UKCEH has supported butterfly monitoring volunteer networks since 1976, and it has now become one of the longest running insect monitoring schemes in the world.  Annual survey methods now incorporate butterfly transects, the Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey (WCBS) and timed-counts.  The resulting UKBMS data enable accurate assessment of their trends, and provide one of the most important resources for understanding changes in insect populations.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["Butterflies","Lepidoptera"],"metadataDate":"2026-06-04T12:28:16.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/88ffd640-aeda-42bc-b54d-6607322fca6e","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/aa7083da-6f9b-4b22-8538-a9f6953f5825"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of UKBMS is to assess the status and trends of UK butterfly populations for conservation, research and quality of life.  Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on ecosystem health including the natural resources and...","state":"published","title":"UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of GHG Aqua is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from UK inland waters.  This complements land-based GHG measurements (see UKLFN) to provide a complete picture for UK GHG accounting, and to inform environmental policy and mitigation actions to achieve Net Zero.  GHG Aqua data provide the first composite GHG emissions baseline and national inventory for UK inland waters, and provide new understanding of environmental processes and controls on GHG emissions across time and space scales.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"bfd7b19e-5020-4595-b505-3cf6a69aff2a","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"GHG Aqua provides a network of fixed, intensively instrumented 'sentinel sites' with eddy covariance flux towers to measure GHGs (see UKLFN for details) plus mobile capability to monitor other 'distributed sites' using floating sensors and telemetry for remote data acquisition. Sentinel sites cover a range of waterbody types (eg lakes, reservoirs, ponds) and environmental gradients (eg land-use intensity and trophic status, upland and lowland).  Measurement capability may vary between sites to include: high frequency CO2 and CH4 fluxes; dissolved CO2 and CH4; plus water quality factors such as pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total algae, dissolved organic matter and water depth.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:56.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/1e5e8875-c9c1-4a78-8c51-9b86ba8a2105","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/bfd7b19e-5020-4595-b505-3cf6a69aff2a"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of GHG Aqua is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from UK inland waters.  This complements land-based GHG measurements (see UKLFN) to provide a complete picture for UK GHG accounting, and to inform environmental policy and mitigation actions to achieve...","state":"published","title":"GHG-Aqua network","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Drought Data Hub is to provide a simple, visual summary of the data outputs from the About Drought projects.  The data can be viewed as gridded or point data on a map of the UK.  ","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"fd21c328-dd53-4a07-bd8e-c9a4bb58a4ee","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Drought Data Hub enables visualisation of gridded and point drought-related data for research purposes. A dataset can be viewed on the map and a timeseries can be visualised on a graph. Historical simulations of DECIPHeR, GR4J and G2G models can also be visualised. Climate model-driven simulations of the MaRIUS-G2G-WAH2 monthly mean river flow data is also available.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:47.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/fd21c328-dd53-4a07-bd8e-c9a4bb58a4ee"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Drought Data Hub is to provide a simple, visual summary of the data outputs from the About Drought projects.  The data can be viewed as gridded or point data on a map of the UK.  ","state":"published","title":"Drought Data Hub","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of this app is to explore the environmental \"niche\" of a plant species.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"1c906f9c-73a6-4af9-862d-c966bb416889","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"This app allows users to explore and assess the environmental niches occupied by vascular plants and the more common bryophytes and lichens found in Britain. Niche models describe where a species occurs in relation to different gradients, such as moisture and temperature. The app allows  users to visualise the 'MultiMOVE' niche models, derived from occurrence data for more than 1300 species.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:17.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/1c906f9c-73a6-4af9-862d-c966bb416889"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of this app is to explore the environmental \"niche\" of a plant species.","state":"published","title":"Find your niche: Plant species model assessment","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The Bloomin' Algae app enables the public and local authorities to record events of blue-green algae blooms, thereby speeding up warnings to the public and governmental institutions. \n\nBlue-green algal blooms can produce very potent liver and nerve toxins. The World Health Organisation has established guideline values of cyanotoxins and blue-green algae densities for recreational waters use and for drinking waters, as the presence of blue-green algae can threaten public health as well as the lives of dogs, cattle, birds and fish.  The app also allows the public to learn to recognise the risks for themselves, and their children and pets.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"7bbc004d-27d8-49c0-947a-4d6558b73486","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Bloomin' Algae is a citizen science mobile app for reporting the presence of harmful algal blooms of blue-green algae (i.e. cyanobacteria). The app helps speed up public health warnings and can help teach you how to recognise the risks to you, children and animals. The data derived from the app can be used for research on the drivers of blooms in a changing climate and is currently used by national agencies and local authorities to monitor and manage sites which are affected by blooms. This helps agencies and local authorities to speed up their response time.\n\nA Dutch, French and Norwegian language version has also been developed for use in Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Norway.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Climate change: adaptation"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/7bbc004d-27d8-49c0-947a-4d6558b73486"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The Bloomin' Algae app enables the public and local authorities to record events of blue-green algae blooms, thereby speeding up warnings to the public and governmental institutions. \n\nBlue-green algal blooms can produce very potent liver and nerve toxins. The World...","state":"published","title":"Bloomin' Algae","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of PoMS is to provide systematic data on the abundance of bees, hoverflies and other flower-visiting insects across the UK.  Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem health including the natural resources and services (collectively 'natural capital') that support human life, health and economic activity.  Pollinators are particularly important for agricultural food crops.  Together with long-term occurrence records collated by the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society and Hoverfly Recording Scheme, UK PoMS data provide invaluable information on trends in pollinator populations to support government policy, land management and conservation.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"0f3fd7df-6c26-4fa0-9d80-ed98f3534e8d","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"PoMS provides leadership, coordination, expert support and underlying infrastructure to enable volunteer surveyors to identify and record insect pollinator species distributions and abundance.  PoMs has two main surveys: (1)  Flower-Insect Timed Count (FIT Count), which includes a mobile app that enables volunteers to enter their data while on-site; and (2) Systematic 1km square surveys using pan-traps.  A total of 75 one-kilometre squares are covered throughout the UK.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["Pollinators"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:49.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/706f8661-1081-4342-b45e-fbf9c779c4e9","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0f3fd7df-6c26-4fa0-9d80-ed98f3534e8d"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of PoMS is to provide systematic data on the abundance of bees, hoverflies and other flower-visiting insects across the UK.  Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem health including the...","state":"published","title":"Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme is to understand how and why environmental concentrations of pollutants vary across space and time, and the risks they pose to wildlife.  Birds of prey act as sentinel indicators of wildlife health because polluting chemicals accumulate as they pass through the food chain to these top predators.  PBMS relies on the public (citizen science) to send bird samples to UKCEH.  The information provided by PBMS informs government regulators of chemical use, chemical manufacturers and environmental researchers.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"6bab24df-3976-4351-8f63-c8d263857f4d","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"PBMS receives bird carcasses from members of the public and eggs from licenced egg collectors.  Carcasses and eggs from across the UK are analysed for chemical and heavy metal pollutants: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs); Second Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (SGARs); Lead (Pb); Mercury (Hg); Other toxic and essential metals.  Preserved samples of predatory bird tissue are also kept in the Predatory Bird Tissue Bank (see sub-category 4 below).","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["Birds","Raptors"],"metadataDate":"2026-01-19T13:47:28.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/e77807df-fa39-46f3-8ddc-47c3681f22a4","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/6bab24df-3976-4351-8f63-c8d263857f4d"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Pollution","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme is to understand how and why environmental concentrations of pollutants vary across space and time, and the risks they pose to wildlife.  Birds of prey act as sentinel indicators of wildlife health because polluting...","state":"published","title":"Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme (PBMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Pollution Removal by Vegetation app is to allow users to explore the change in value resulting from new woodland planting, or removal of existing woodland, and its ability to remove category PM2.5 pollution.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"dafa03ca-f080-494d-9d88-a7315fa9c450","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Pollution Removal by Vegetation shiny app is a data explorer tool which reflects this variation in its estimates of health benefits from removing category PM2.5 pollution per hectare of trees for each local authority area in the UK","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-11-13T09:03:05.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/dafa03ca-f080-494d-9d88-a7315fa9c450"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Pollution Removal by Vegetation app is to allow users to explore the change in value resulting from new woodland planting, or removal of existing woodland, and its ability to remove category PM2.5 pollution.","state":"published","title":"Pollution Removal by Vegetation app","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the UKCEH Aquatic Mesocosm Facility (CAMF) is to enable controlled experimental studies of simulated shallow lake ecosystems.  For example to study the effects of climate warming on freshwater communities, or to disentangle how different external drivers or stressors influence the structure and function of shallow lake ecosystems.  Understanding how inland freshwater lakes work is important because they provide us with ecosystem services such as water supply, flood regulation, fishing and tourism, as well as supporting our health and wellbeing.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"e99f9531-3d46-46fd-9bda-6e7900d4c07b","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Aquatic Mesocosm Facility comprises 32 outdoor tanks, each 2m diameter and 1m deep (holding around 3000 litres of water exposed to air at the water surface) in which shallow lake ecosystems can be established.  Each tank is equipped to enable controlled experimental manipulations, for example: heating elements to increase water temperature; mixers to disrupt thermal stratification; external raw (filtered reservoir water) water supply to flush the tanks.  Each tank is also equipped with automatic sensors to measure water temperature, dissolved oxygen and solar radiation.  A weather station on site tracks air temperature, rainfall, wind speed and direction.  All data are automatically logged and transmitted to UKCEH to keep track of the experimental conditions and outcomes.  A simple laboratory on site is available for storage, working space and sample preparation.","infrastructureCategory":["Controlled environment platforms"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental experiment platforms"],"infrastructureScale":"Area, city, farm, habitat","locations":["POINT(-2.77711 54.01367)"],"metadataDate":"2025-09-03T09:54:44.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/5350fe8b-d7c2-4310-829c-928ac1e5bc4c","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/e99f9531-3d46-46fd-9bda-6e7900d4c07b"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the UKCEH Aquatic Mesocosm Facility (CAMF) is to enable controlled experimental studies of simulated shallow lake ecosystems.  For example to study the effects of climate warming on freshwater communities, or to disentangle how different external drivers...","state":"published","title":"UKCEH Aquatic Mesocosm Facility (Lancaster)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Sand Dune Ecohydrology Network is to monitor the effects of climate change in dune wetlands across Britain.  Dune wetlands are highly biodiverse, but are particularly sensitive to climate change through subtle changes in the balance between rainfall and evapotranspiration.  Groundwater levels in dune systems are a good integrator of climate change, and directly affect vegetation communities and their ecological condition.  For example, the area of dune wetlands on protected sites in England has decreased by 30% in 25 years due to drying out.  This is an instrumented network of co-located groundwater, vegetation and soil monitoring locations in dune wetlands.  The Newborough Dunes site is also used for field experiments.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"f9725fdc-2f20-4469-8164-7de106e4924e","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Sand Dune Ecohydrology Network provides co-located monitoring of groundwater, vegetation and soil at ten dune wetland sites with geographic coverage across the UK.  Groundwater is continuously monitored using automated dataloggers, supplemented with manual monthly measurements.  Vegetation surveys are conducted at varying frequency from annual to 5-yearly or longer.  The Newborough Dunes site also hosts a series of restored dune wetlands, annually monitored since 2014, plus a nitrogen x grazing manipulation experiment: three grazing treatments maintained via 10x10m enclosures (2003 onwards); five nutrient treatments nested within grazing (application period 2003-2011); three replicate blocks.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"keyword":["Newborough Warren NNR and forest","Aberffraw dunes","Talacre Warren","Whitford Burrows","Sandscale Haws","Ainsdale & Sefton coast dunes","Braunton Burrows","Sandwich Bay","Tentsmuir","Coll"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/5fe5d48d-aded-4256-9e18-ce39c2c5d365","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/f9725fdc-2f20-4469-8164-7de106e4924e"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Sand Dune Ecohydrology Network is to monitor the effects of climate change in dune wetlands across Britain.  Dune wetlands are highly biodiverse, but are particularly sensitive to climate change through subtle changes in the balance between rainfall...","state":"published","title":"Sand Dune Ecohydrology Network","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of GMEP is to monitor the impact on the countryside of the Welsh Government sustainable land management scheme, Glastir.  Agriculture covers 81% of Welsh land, and Glastir provides financial support to implement environment-friendly food production practices that improve biodiversity whilst reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.   The purpose of ERAMMP is to model, scenario-test and review evidence on the complex environmental and economic consequences for the Welsh countryside of 60 potential agricultural and woodland management interventions.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"7e6df39e-3084-415a-9824-060e73d3ce00","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Specialist GMEP teams survey 300 x 1 km squares across Wales over 4-year periods to provide integrated measurements of the whole ecosystem: plant species; soil; soil erosion; headwater streams; ponds; woodland; woody linear features; pollinators; birds; cultural/historic features; footpaths; and landscape features.  Welsh Countryside Monitoring uses UKCEH Countryside Survey methods (listed elsewhere in this Catalogue) to reveal longer historical trends and comparisons, but uses more measures including access, cultural features, birds and pollinators.  GMEP models forecast the improvements Glastir expects to deliver, so that adjustments can be made to land management payments to maximise impact.  To date ERAMMP has delivered nine evidence reviews and tested the possible ecosystem outcomes, interactions and feedback of nearly 60 potential agricultural and woodland management interventions.","infrastructureCategory":["Surveys"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:56.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/353a4907-3de4-4b6b-af12-9c5c5a12513c","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/7e6df39e-3084-415a-9824-060e73d3ce00"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of GMEP is to monitor the impact on the countryside of the Welsh Government sustainable land management scheme, Glastir.  Agriculture covers 81% of Welsh land, and Glastir provides financial support to implement environment-friendly food production practices...","state":"published","title":"Welsh Countryside Monitoring : Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP); and Environment & Rural Affairs Monitoring and Modelling Programme (ERAMMP)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"AQUA-REP (AQUAtic organisms Response to Environmental conditions and Pollution): Twelve x 100 litre aquariums within a temperature-controlled greenhouse. Individual temperature control on each tank (+/- 0.5C). Additional plant growth lights. Used to determine how water temperature, light and nutrients impact on algal growth rates and community structure.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"0150e65e-15a1-4f82-a441-6accd88444d4","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Used to determine how water temperature, light and nutrients impact on algal growth rates and community structure.\n","infrastructureCategory":["Test labs"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation","Climate change: adaptation","Pollution","Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Analytical facilities"],"locations":["POINT(-1.11081 51.60265)"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:17.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0150e65e-15a1-4f82-a441-6accd88444d4"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"AQUA-REP (AQUAtic organisms Response to Environmental conditions and Pollution): Twelve x 100 litre aquariums within a temperature-controlled greenhouse. Individual temperature control on each tank (+/- 0.5C). Additional plant growth lights. Used to determine how water...","state":"published","title":"AQUA-REP facility","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Freshwater Data Portal is to allow regulators and citizen scientists to view and understand the availability of monitoring data from multiple sources, its temporal and spatial distribution, and its potential usability.\n\nThere is an increasing amount of freshwater citizen science data becoming available and a growing need for this to be accessible and understandable. Data from networks such as FreshWater Watch, Riverfly, SmartRivers, and Bloomin' Algae has potential to complement regulatory monitoring to increase our understanding of the health of rivers and lakes and support actions.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"d4c14662-7797-4e3e-bd69-550811589334","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Freshwater Data Portal is a data explorer tool which allows users to view citizen science data alongside agency monitoring data to visualise data about pressures on the environment as well as the way wildlife is responding to those pressures. ","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:48.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d4c14662-7797-4e3e-bd69-550811589334"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Freshwater Data Portal is to allow regulators and citizen scientists to view and understand the availability of monitoring data from multiple sources, its temporal and spatial distribution, and its potential usability.\n\nThere is an increasing amount...","state":"published","title":"Freshwater Data Portal","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"MADOC predicts the effects of nitrogen and sulphur deposition (from air pollution) on soil acidity and carbon uptake and/or emissions.  It is used by researchers to project future impacts of, and recovery from, air pollution on ecosystems and ecosystem services, such as: (1) acidification and eutrophication (for Defra); (2) biodiversity (here MADOC is coupled to MultiMOVE: see separate entry); (3) heavy metal solubility and soil concentrations (here MADOC is coupled to IDMM: see separate entry).","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"0504a896-a971-41ce-ab67-449bf2b49b80","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"MADOC is a process model based on observations and understanding of how soil behaves in response to nitrogen and sulphur inputs.   It predicts effects on soil pH (acidity) and dissolved organic carbon flux.  MADOC is a dynamic integration of three component models: the UKCEH N14CP model (see separate entry) to simulate organic matter dynamics; Very Simple Dynamic model (VSD developed by Max Posch of IAASA) to simulate cation exchange; and the UKCEH DyDOC model (Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon developed by Ed Tipping) to simulate dissolved organic carbon flux.  MADOC can be coupled to other models to study impacts on biodiversity (see MultiMOVE entry) and toxic metals (see IDMM entry).","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental models"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0504a896-a971-41ce-ab67-449bf2b49b80"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"MADOC predicts the effects of nitrogen and sulphur deposition (from air pollution) on soil acidity and carbon uptake and/or emissions.  It is used by researchers to project future impacts of, and recovery from, air pollution on ecosystems and ecosystem services, such...","state":"published","title":"Model of Acidity Dynamics and Organic Carbon (MADOC)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"JULES is a land surface model that simulates flows of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen between the land, atmosphere and soil.  It operates at timescales from days to centuries and geographic scales from UK to global for a range of users: (1) Operational forecasters use JULES to predict weather-related hazards (eg floods, droughts); (2) IPCC and policy-makers use JULES to predict future climate change impacts; (3) Scientists use JULES to understand environmental processes and effects.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"02faa17d-fb11-4166-a069-17356032295f","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"JULES is a UK research community model (see Partners) that contributes to: (a) the Met Office’s Unified Model used for weather forecasting in the UK; and (b) the UK Earth System Model (UKESM) used for IPCC climate projections.  JULES can also be used in 'standalone' research mode to study land surface processes and impacts.  JULES comprises computer code and configurations (information needed), and can be run on various computing platforms, from individual PCs to powerful supercomputers.  It includes modules to account for the effects of hydrology, vegetation and soils on responses and feedbacks of the land surface with the atmosphere.  It can simulate national (e.g. UK 1km grid) or global (e.g. 10km grid) scales.  It describes processes that work on short timescales (e.g. hydrological response to a passing rain storm) and also on much longer timescales, such as changes in vegetation and soils over a hundred years in the past or future.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental models"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: adaptation","Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/02faa17d-fb11-4166-a069-17356032295f"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Hydro-climate Risks","shortenedDescription":"JULES is a land surface model that simulates flows of energy, water, carbon and nitrogen between the land, atmosphere and soil.  It operates at timescales from days to centuries and geographic scales from UK to global for a range of users: (1) Operational forecasters...","state":"published","title":"Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"LTLS simulates past and future flows of water and macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) between land, freshwaters, sea and atmosphere.  It is used by researchers to: (1) simulate terrestrial and freshwater fluxes of C,N,P at national scales over decades and centuries; (2) predict the impacts of future changes in climate and landscape; and (3) understand macronutrient processes and effects.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"22d70ed7-de5a-4b15-b3be-8eb63a11431d","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"LTLS comprises computer code and configurations (spatial datasets) to run the model on Linux workstations or supercomputers.  It includes modules to account for the effects of hydrology (lakes and rivers), geology, vegetation and soils (both semi-natural and agricultural) on stores and fluxes of macronutrients.  It can currently simulate UK (5km grid) or regional (1km grid) scales, and timeframes such as the past 200 years, a recent year, or the next 100 years.  LTLS links to other models and frameworks: it incoprorates the UKCEH vegetation and soil model N14CP (see separate entry); it is now being incorporated in the UniFHy community hydrological modelling system as the water quality component.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental models"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:56.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/22d70ed7-de5a-4b15-b3be-8eb63a11431d"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Hydro-climate Risks","shortenedDescription":"LTLS simulates past and future flows of water and macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) between land, freshwaters, sea and atmosphere.  It is used by researchers to: (1) simulate terrestrial and freshwater fluxes of C,N,P at national scales over decades and...","state":"published","title":"Long Term Large Scale (LTLS) Macronutrient Model","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Mobile AQ Labs is to measure air quality, pollution sources, emissions and depositions.  They can be deployed in flexible combinations for field-campaigns in different ecosystems and above urban areas.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"3cc37dfe-f260-4cd6-bb74-7fc552de02da","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Three mobile laboratories are housed in a 4x4 Mercedes Sprinter Van, a Chill trailer and an 8ft sea container; all insulated and feature air-conditioning and electrical installations that can be connected to a local power supplies.  The Van also has a 7500 watt on-board generator and a 19” instrument rack with fold-out table.  They can be used to analyse and quantify: pollutants in gas and aerosol phase; pollution sources and apportionment; emission and deposition fluxes.  On-board equipment includes:\n- Gradient system for inorganic reactive gases and aerosols (MARGAFIA)\n- Fast response gas analysers for flux measurements of VOCs (PTR-QiToFMS), O3 (ROFI), NH3, CH4, N2O, NO2, CO, CO2 (QCLs), CO2/H2O (LiCOR Infrared gas analysers)\n- Fast response aerosol analysers for chemically speciated aerosol (HR-ToF-AMS) and (size-segregated) particle number measurement (TSI CPCs, TSI APS, DMT UHSAS)\n- Slow-response gas analysers for O3, SO2, NOx and NH3\n- Ultrasonic anemometers\n- A range of sensors for auxiliary measurements of meteorological, plant and soil conditions.","infrastructureCategory":["Mobile observing platforms"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/39fa64e1-fb3e-4c4f-ba55-3c0a989fb3f0","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/3cc37dfe-f260-4cd6-bb74-7fc552de02da"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Mobile AQ Labs is to measure air quality, pollution sources, emissions and depositions.  They can be deployed in flexible combinations for field-campaigns in different ecosystems and above urban areas.","state":"published","title":"Mobile Air Quality and Flux Measurement Labs","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"PROTECH simulates changing dynamics of phytoplankton species in lakes and reservoirs, particularly Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and predicts harmful algal blooms.  It is used: (1) by researchers to study climate change impacts and sensitivity to nutrient pollution; and (2) by Environment Agency, Natural England and water companies to inform water regulation and management.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"156fcfc9-379f-4984-b5f5-08d94cecf784","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"PROTECH is a process model that simulates algal biomass and community (species) composition plus water chemistry (oxygen and dissolved carbon concentrations) at daily time intervals at different water depths.  It combines: daily weather and nutrient input data; an algal library containing more than 100 species types; species-specific growth-rates that respond to temperature, light and nutrients; and specific algal movement characteristics.  By building up from these traits, the best predictions can be made.  PROTECH has been applied to different water bodies around the world and can be used for research or applied management and treatment scenarios for lakes and reservoirs.  ","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental models"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:39.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/156fcfc9-379f-4984-b5f5-08d94cecf784"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"PROTECH simulates changing dynamics of phytoplankton species in lakes and reservoirs, particularly Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and predicts harmful algal blooms.  It is used: (1) by researchers to study climate change impacts and sensitivity to nutrient pollution;...","state":"published","title":"Phytoplankton RespOnses To Environmental CHange (PROTECH)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The WHAM family of models predict the forms of metals present in soil and water.  They simulate chemical reactions that occur when metals enter soil and water systems; particularly how metals bind to humic substances, the most dominant form of non-living organic matter in terrestrial and aquatic environments.  The models are used for environmental risk assessment: (1) to understand the behaviour of metals in soil and water, and what controls their solubility; and (2) to predict how metal chemistry influences their toxicity to living organisms in soil and water.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"d3dcfcbd-e541-4fb5-99c7-2ffd27a7787c","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"WHAM is a mechanistic chemistry process model.  Given the chemical composition of a water or soil, WHAM predicts the amounts of each chemical species of metals present.  Metal speciation controls fate in the environment, for example the distribution of a metal between solids and porewater in a soil or sediment.  Hence WHAM includes a solution speciation model as well as sub-models for ion binding to: humic and fulvic acids; clay; oxides of iron, aluminium, manganese and silicon.\n\nThe WHAM-FTOX version predicts the toxic effects of mixtures of metals and acidity in freshwaters.\n\nPOSSMs computes a simplified distribution of metal forms in soil using a minimal input dataset, making it useful for application where the relatively large data requirements of WHAM cannot be met (eg large scale soil surveys).\n\nWHAM is also used as the chemical component in other models that predict how water chemistry affects the toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms, such as the freely available Biotic Ligand Model (BLM): such models are widely used for research and metal risk assessment.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental models"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d3dcfcbd-e541-4fb5-99c7-2ffd27a7787c"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Pollution","shortenedDescription":"The WHAM family of models predict the forms of metals present in soil and water.  They simulate chemical reactions that occur when metals enter soil and water systems; particularly how metals bind to humic substances, the most dominant form of non-living organic matter...","state":"published","title":"Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) including WHAM Freshwater Toxicity (WHAM-FTOX) version and Parsimonious Speciation of Metals in soils (POSSMs)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the UK Hydrological Drought Explorer is to allow users to explore historic hydrological droughts in the UK and is an output of the Historic Droughts Project. ","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"3c290481-8344-41b3-a8f4-d4a0a6a5d999","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The UK Hydrological Drought Explorer is a web-based data explorer which characterises hydrological droughts using the Standardisesd Streamflow Index (SSI). ","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/3c290481-8344-41b3-a8f4-d4a0a6a5d999"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the UK Hydrological Drought Explorer is to allow users to explore historic hydrological droughts in the UK and is an output of the Historic Droughts Project. ","state":"published","title":"UK Hydrological Drought Explorer","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]}],"rows":20,"url":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk:443/infrastructure/documents"}