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Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on ecosystem health including the natural resources and services (collectively 'natural capital') that support human life, health and economic activity.  Butterflies are uniquely placed amongst British terrestrial insect and other invertebrate groups to act as indicators of the state of the environment, allowing us to assess the impacts of climate change and the progress of government policy initiatives to conserve biodiversity.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"aa7083da-6f9b-4b22-8538-a9f6953f5825","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"UKBMS provides leadership, coordination, expert support and underlying infrastructure to identify and record butterfly species distributions and abundance at more than 2,000 UK sites each year across a range of habitat types.  Butterflies are biologically suitable as indicator species, having rapid lifecycles and, in many cases, high sensitivity to environmental conditions.  UKCEH has supported butterfly monitoring volunteer networks since 1976, and it has now become one of the longest running insect monitoring schemes in the world.  Annual survey methods now incorporate butterfly transects, the Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey (WCBS) and timed-counts.  The resulting UKBMS data enable accurate assessment of their trends, and provide one of the most important resources for understanding changes in insect populations.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["Butterflies","Lepidoptera"],"metadataDate":"2026-06-04T12:28:16.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/88ffd640-aeda-42bc-b54d-6607322fca6e","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/aa7083da-6f9b-4b22-8538-a9f6953f5825"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of UKBMS is to assess the status and trends of UK butterfly populations for conservation, research and quality of life.  Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on ecosystem health including the natural resources and…","state":"published","title":"UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the UK Water Resources Portal is to bring together rainfall, river flow, soil moisture and groundwater data in one place, and showcase the use of live river flow data from the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency as well as COSMOS-UK soil moisture data.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"1b6ce268-f45b-490c-8117-c0ce30e807b5","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The UK Water Resources Portal is a web-based map data explorer to monitor the UK hydrological situation in (near) real-time at a range of spatial scales.   Data are available in their raw format (e.g. millimetres for rainfall, metres cubed per second for river flows etc.) and standardised indices.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation","Climate change: adaptation"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-11T12:08:58.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/1b6ce268-f45b-490c-8117-c0ce30e807b5"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the UK Water Resources Portal is to bring together rainfall, river flow, soil moisture and groundwater data in one place, and showcase the use of live river flow data from the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency as well…","state":"published","title":"UK Water Resources Portal","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of UKLFN is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in near real time for a variety of land cover and soil types across the UK.  By measuring environmental processes such as net ecosystem CO2 exchange, evapotranspiration and gross ecosystem production we can quantify net GHG emissions and removals (fluxes).  This information is essential to meet the UK's GHG accounting commitments, and to inform environmental policy and mitigation actions to achieve Net Zero.  See also GHG-Aqua, which provides GHG measurements from inland waters to provide a complete picture for UK GHG accounting.\n","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"ccc88533-e5de-47b3-8658-0cb30c88b3f8","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"UKLFN integrates multiple smaller UKCEH networks and projects to form a growing UK-wide network across a range of habitats and land uses including agriculture and peatland.  Each UKLFN station delivers direct and continuous (near real time) measurements of CO2 flux at field scale (encompassing areas of tens or hundreds of metres) using advanced eddy covariance techniques alongside hydro-meteorological and soil physics equipment.  Stations operate off-grid with unique power systems and automated telemetry for remote data retrieval.  Stations can be adapted to investigate specific scientific projects, hypotheses and measurements, including local heat flux.  Additional variables, such as leaf area index (LAI) are manually collected.  Equipment is routinely maintained and calibrated to ensure high quality data, and an automated data system enables analysis of near real time datasets.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/e4697d3c-e537-4c8d-b9f3-0b475f7068dc","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/ccc88533-e5de-47b3-8658-0cb30c88b3f8"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Hydro-climate Risks","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of UKLFN is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in near real time for a variety of land cover and soil types across the UK.  By measuring environmental processes such as net ecosystem CO2 exchange, evapotranspiration and gross ecosystem production we…","state":"published","title":"UK Land Flux Network (UKLFN)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Predatory Bird Tissue Bank is to preserve biological samples collected from known locations and dates by the Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme, which can then be used for future analysis and research.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"99568b66-0700-4a4c-9d31-433b8559c3dd","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The PBMS Archive holds more than 60,000 bird tissue samples such as liver and kidney, bones, and eggs (shells and contents) dating back to the late 1960s.  Specimens are stored in jars and bags in numbered trays at -18ºC in a freezer.","infrastructureCategory":["Discovery collections"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","locations":["POINT(-2.78296 54.01318)"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:25.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/c3ae7adb-7a88-43c9-adf2-68578e12641f","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/99568b66-0700-4a4c-9d31-433b8559c3dd"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Pollution","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Predatory Bird Tissue Bank is to preserve biological samples collected from known locations and dates by the Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme, which can then be used for future analysis and research.","state":"published","title":"Predatory Bird Tissue Bank","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of GHG Aqua is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from UK inland waters.  This complements land-based GHG measurements (see UKLFN) to provide a complete picture for UK GHG accounting, and to inform environmental policy and mitigation actions to achieve Net Zero.  GHG Aqua data provide the first composite GHG emissions baseline and national inventory for UK inland waters, and provide new understanding of environmental processes and controls on GHG emissions across time and space scales.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"bfd7b19e-5020-4595-b505-3cf6a69aff2a","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"GHG Aqua provides a network of fixed, intensively instrumented 'sentinel sites' with eddy covariance flux towers to measure GHGs (see UKLFN for details) plus mobile capability to monitor other 'distributed sites' using floating sensors and telemetry for remote data acquisition. Sentinel sites cover a range of waterbody types (eg lakes, reservoirs, ponds) and environmental gradients (eg land-use intensity and trophic status, upland and lowland).  Measurement capability may vary between sites to include: high frequency CO2 and CH4 fluxes; dissolved CO2 and CH4; plus water quality factors such as pH, water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total algae, dissolved organic matter and water depth.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:56.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/1e5e8875-c9c1-4a78-8c51-9b86ba8a2105","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/bfd7b19e-5020-4595-b505-3cf6a69aff2a"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of GHG Aqua is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from UK inland waters.  This complements land-based GHG measurements (see UKLFN) to provide a complete picture for UK GHG accounting, and to inform environmental policy and mitigation actions to achieve…","state":"published","title":"GHG-Aqua network","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Biological Records Centre (BRC) is to provide national leadership and coordination for collecting wildlife species records across the UK.  Wildlife and biodiversity surveillance is largely carried out by public volunteers, often through specialist interest groups and national recording schemes, and is supplemented by professional surveys to fill gaps.  Biodiversity sustains healthy ecosystems and the natural resources and services (collectively 'natural capital') that are essential for human life, health and wellbeing.  Wildlife records are used extensively by environmental researchers, environmental policy-makers, land managers and conservation organisations: to understand drivers of change and to manage the UK's natural capital for social, economic and environmental benefit.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"01fe4086-0a66-470a-9eeb-b371b2a352d2","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Building on centuries of UK wildlife observations, BRC was established in 1964 to coordinate and support wildlife recording across the UK.  It now provides leadership, liaison, coordination, expert support and underlying infrastructure - working with 85 National Recording Schemes, Societies and the public - to identify species and to collect, manage, analyse, interpret and publish the UK's wildlife data and records.  Outputs include publicly available data, atlases and information on species distribution for a wide range of UK terrestrial and freshwater taxonomic groups covering plants, animals and fungi.  BRC provides a world-leading capability in the management and use of volunteer-based wildlife recording.  Independent estimates from JNCC calculate provide a collective value of a £20 million per annum in UK volunteers’ time for biodiversity surveillance.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/019d175a-6061-4cd6-bd0c-7f76b4816d2f","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/01fe4086-0a66-470a-9eeb-b371b2a352d2"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Biological Records Centre (BRC) is to provide national leadership and coordination for collecting wildlife species records across the UK.  Wildlife and biodiversity surveillance is largely carried out by public volunteers, often through specialist…","state":"published","title":"Biological Records Centre (BRC) - collecting UK wildlife records","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UWMN) is to monitor water quality and biodiversity in upland water bodies threatened by air pollution, climate change and land use change.  Upland waters provide much of the UK's drinking water and act as a refuge for a cold-adapted species threatened by climate change.  UWMN data informs management, policy and legislation with respect to air pollution and water management.  Originally established as the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network to assess the ecological impact of acid emissions on acid-sensitive surface waters around the UK, the Upland Water Monitoring Network now has a broader remit to address other potential drivers of change in upland headwater systems, particularly nitrogen deposition (causing eutrophication), climate change and land use change.  UWMN provides the UK contribution to the UNECE International Cooperative Programme ICP Waters.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"0d588453-31ab-4eeb-91a1-cf9cd2a9f387","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Upland Waters Monitoring Network covers 11 lakes and 14 streams across the UK.  UWMN conducts chemical, physical and biological monitoring including: monthly and quarterly sampling for water chemistry; continuous monitoring of water temperature (using thermistor loggers); and a range of biological surveys (yearly for epilithic and sediment trap diatoms and macroinvertebrates; and three-yearly for aquatic macrophytes).  UWMN is closely aligned with other specialist long-term UKCEH upland water monitoring activities, particularly the Conwy and Plynlimon Research Catchments.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/9f35435c-9320-4cd8-874d-7dd503aa7797","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0d588453-31ab-4eeb-91a1-cf9cd2a9f387"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UWMN) is to monitor water quality and biodiversity in upland water bodies threatened by air pollution, climate change and land use change.  Upland waters provide much of the UK's drinking water and act as a refuge…","state":"published","title":"Upland Waters Monitoring Network","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of ECN is to detect and determine the causes and consequences of environmental change.  To achieve this, ECN provides a network of field sites in semi-natural and agricultural locations around the UK, each site instrumented to enable physical, chemical and biological measurements.  ECN sites are also used for short-term field experiments.  ECN provides data for wider UK and international networks, for example making important contributions to the assessment of biodiversity trends at UK, European and global scales.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"826ce25a-1412-403d-a2fc-40cdb8a6feb6","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"ECN uses common measurement protocols to quantify how the physical, chemical and biological status of ecosystems is responding to a variety of long-term stressors.  Some measurements are unique to ECN - eg intensive soil surveys and soil solution monitoring.  Sites are protected from short-term disturbance to maximise signal-to-noise ratios in environmental data.  All measurements are taken in close proximity to allow: direct association between potential drivers and responses; identification of previously un-recognised relationships; testing of modelling assumptions; calibration of new models.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:17.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/a9259f3c-53c6-48be-8964-09b512074eac","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/826ce25a-1412-403d-a2fc-40cdb8a6feb6"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of ECN is to detect and determine the causes and consequences of environmental change.  To achieve this, ECN provides a network of field sites in semi-natural and agricultural locations around the UK, each site instrumented to enable physical, chemical and…","state":"published","title":"UK Environmental Change Network (ECN)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The UKCEH Soil Bank is UKCEH’s facility for storing and analysing soil samples from nationally important surveys and experiments. It contains soils from across England, Scotland and Wales, as well as samples from key global studies, with the majority of samples linked to an array of existing soil, vegetation, habitat and climate data.\n\nSoils are a living ecosystem involving a complex mix of minerals, decaying and stabilised organic matter and a diverse biota of microbes and microfauna. The UKCEH Soil Bank comprises both air-dried soil samples, typically used to analyse key soil properties, and frozen core samples, which can be used for DNA-based biodiversity analyses.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"d5a7b276-3fbc-4d12-b816-0f74a4692a33","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Soil Bank houses air-dried and frozen soil samples, and is equipped with: extensive roller-racking shelving for air-dried soil samples (currently ~8000 samples); two walk-in freezer rooms, one with roller-racking, both maintained at -20 degrees (currently ~7000 frozen cores). This is coupled with laboratory facilities for processing and analyses.","infrastructureCategory":["Discovery collections"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","locations":["POINT(-2.78296 54.01318)"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/a6dd2981-e815-4bbd-9737-492c7bc3511e","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/d5a7b276-3fbc-4d12-b816-0f74a4692a33"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The UKCEH Soil Bank is UKCEH’s facility for storing and analysing soil samples from nationally important surveys and experiments. It contains soils from across England, Scotland and Wales, as well as samples from key global studies, with the majority of samples linked…","state":"published","title":"UKCEH Soil Bank","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of UKEAP is to measure the composition of the atmosphere (air quality) across a range of rural and semi-rural environments in the UK.  Air pollution can have wide-ranging effects on the environment, with impacts on biodiversity, water quality and people's health and wellbeing.  UKEAP particularly focuses on nitrogen compounds that, in excess, provide too many nutrients (eutrophication) and on chemicals that acidify water and soil ('acid rain').  UKEAP provides long-term data on airborne chemical and particulate matter levels to inform: (a) scientific understanding of non-urban pollution sources and how they transport to contribute to poor air quality at urban, national and international scales; and (b) air quality policy and regulation.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"78088553-516c-484f-a9d7-fa287b9233ad","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"UKEAP is coordinated by UKCEH with sites distributed across different rural land use and habitat types throughout the UK.  Sites are equipped to automatically sample and measure atmospheric chemistry at high- and low-frequency, and supported by intensive measurement campaigns.  UKEAP integrates four component monitoring networks that measure airborne acidifying and eutrophying chemicals:\n• National Ammonia Monitoring Network (NAMN: 85 sites): monthly ammonia concentrations.\n• Acid Gas and Aerosol Network (AGA-Net: 30 sites): monthly gas phase SO2, HNO3, HCl; major particulate phase inorganic anions and cations.\n• Precipitation Network (Precip-Net: 39 sites): fortnightly inorganic anion and cation concentrations in precipitation.\n• NO2Net (24 sites): four-weekly triplicate NO2 concentrations.\nUKEAP also operates two EMEP network 'supersites' in the UK (EMEP = European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme for long-range transmission of air pollutants): Auchencorth Moss Atmospheric Observatory (Scotland, upland peat moor - listed elsewhere in this catalogue) and Chilbolton Observatory (Hampshire, lowland arable site).","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:46.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/d94774e8-56ae-462a-8ebd-766d1a564c94","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/78088553-516c-484f-a9d7-fa287b9233ad"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of UKEAP is to measure the composition of the atmosphere (air quality) across a range of rural and semi-rural environments in the UK.  Air pollution can have wide-ranging effects on the environment, with impacts on biodiversity, water quality and people's…","state":"published","title":"UK Eutrophying and Acidifying Pollutant (UKEAP) Networks","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of PoMS is to provide systematic data on the abundance of bees, hoverflies and other flower-visiting insects across the UK.  Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem health including the natural resources and services (collectively 'natural capital') that support human life, health and economic activity.  Pollinators are particularly important for agricultural food crops.  Together with long-term occurrence records collated by the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society and Hoverfly Recording Scheme, UK PoMS data provide invaluable information on trends in pollinator populations to support government policy, land management and conservation.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"0f3fd7df-6c26-4fa0-9d80-ed98f3534e8d","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"PoMS provides leadership, coordination, expert support and underlying infrastructure to enable volunteer surveyors to identify and record insect pollinator species distributions and abundance.  PoMs has two main surveys: (1)  Flower-Insect Timed Count (FIT Count), which includes a mobile app that enables volunteers to enter their data while on-site; and (2) Systematic 1km square surveys using pan-traps.  A total of 75 one-kilometre squares are covered throughout the UK.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["Pollinators"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:49.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/706f8661-1081-4342-b45e-fbf9c779c4e9","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/0f3fd7df-6c26-4fa0-9d80-ed98f3534e8d"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of PoMS is to provide systematic data on the abundance of bees, hoverflies and other flower-visiting insects across the UK.  Insect populations are declining sharply across the world, with serious impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem health including the…","state":"published","title":"Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Fish Monitoring Scheme is to understand how and why environmental concentrations of pollutants vary across space and time, and the risks they pose to wildlife.  Fish act as sentinel indicators of freshwater wildlife health because polluting chemicals accumulate  in their bodies.  The information provided by FMS informs government regulators of chemical use, chemical manufacturers and environmental researchers.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"1ab0a138-c586-4f6c-993f-d52daebfd104","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"FMS works with Environment Agency fish monitoring teams to collect roach annually from a range of UK rivers.  The fish are euthanised by anaesthetic and frozen at -80C.  Some of the fish carcasses have been analysed for pollutants, while most frozen samples are kept in the Fish Tissue Archive (see sub-category 4 below) for future use. Analyses carried out so far include: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); metals; antimicrobial resistance genes; pharmaceuticals in bile; and microplastics in guts.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/a678cfe9-122e-4e9d-9f82-497e39954e82","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/1ab0a138-c586-4f6c-993f-d52daebfd104"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Pollution","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Fish Monitoring Scheme is to understand how and why environmental concentrations of pollutants vary across space and time, and the risks they pose to wildlife.  Fish act as sentinel indicators of freshwater wildlife health because polluting chemicals…","state":"published","title":"Fish Monitoring Scheme (FMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the UKCEH Countryside Survey is to monitor status and change in the UK countryside since 1978.  Data from the Survey serve as an audit of the natural resources of the countryside and are a great source of data for researchers and the general public alike. They are used for numerous purposes from fundamental research, to the UK National Ecosystem Assessment, the UK Natural Capital Accounts, agri-environment reporting, validating the UKCEH Land Cover Map and soil health reporting.  Researchers use the Survey data to understand, model and predict environmental change arising from pressures such as climate change, pollution, invasive non-native species and new crops.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"56b78b0a-9b9d-4d82-ace1-c383d21e989e","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Countryside Survey was repeated at 8-10 year intervals since 1978, then from 2019 is conducted as a rolling programme that repeats every 5 years.  Each survey or rolling programme covers around 500 one-kilometre squares across England, Scotland and Wales, with a complementary survey in Northern Ireland, representing all major landscape types (including farmland; heath; moor; small rivers and ponds).  The Survey uses standardised ecological field survey methods, now aided by online tools and apps for smartphones and tablets, to record attributes such as: ecological habitats and landscape features; streams and ponds; plant species identity and abundance; plus soil health.","infrastructureCategory":["Surveys"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation","Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/3d96cd86-79d6-4683-bda9-3d9799fe9d18","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/56b78b0a-9b9d-4d82-ace1-c383d21e989e"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the UKCEH Countryside Survey is to monitor status and change in the UK countryside since 1978.  Data from the Survey serve as an audit of the natural resources of the countryside and are a great source of data for researchers and the general public alike.…","state":"published","title":"UKCEH Countryside Survey","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The Bloomin' Algae app enables the public and local authorities to record events of blue-green algae blooms, thereby speeding up warnings to the public and governmental institutions. \n\nBlue-green algal blooms can produce very potent liver and nerve toxins. The World Health Organisation has established guideline values of cyanotoxins and blue-green algae densities for recreational waters use and for drinking waters, as the presence of blue-green algae can threaten public health as well as the lives of dogs, cattle, birds and fish.  The app also allows the public to learn to recognise the risks for themselves, and their children and pets.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"7bbc004d-27d8-49c0-947a-4d6558b73486","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Bloomin' Algae is a citizen science mobile app for reporting the presence of harmful algal blooms of blue-green algae (i.e. cyanobacteria). The app helps speed up public health warnings and can help teach you how to recognise the risks to you, children and animals. The data derived from the app can be used for research on the drivers of blooms in a changing climate and is currently used by national agencies and local authorities to monitor and manage sites which are affected by blooms. This helps agencies and local authorities to speed up their response time.\n\nA Dutch, French and Norwegian language version has also been developed for use in Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Norway.","infrastructureCategory":["Environmental data and information"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Climate change: adaptation"],"infrastructureClass":["Digital infrastructures"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/7bbc004d-27d8-49c0-947a-4d6558b73486"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Water Resources","shortenedDescription":"The Bloomin' Algae app enables the public and local authorities to record events of blue-green algae blooms, thereby speeding up warnings to the public and governmental institutions. \n\nBlue-green algal blooms can produce very potent liver and nerve toxins. The World…","state":"published","title":"Bloomin' Algae","version":1.0,"view":["public","naj"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Woodland Survey is to understand the causes and consequences of change in woodlands across Great Britain since 1971, focusing mainly on ancient broad-leaved woods and Caledonian pine-woods.  Such ancient woodlands contribute to essential ecosystem services such as carbon storage, flood control, providing nectar for insect pollinators of crops, and recreation.  They also provide a vital refuge for many threatened species now rare or absent from other habitats and land modified by human activity.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"31bf02a1-b0c8-439b-8d1d-f525f16df052","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Woodland Survey has been conducted in 1971, 2002 and 2020 at 103 broad-leaved sites plus 27 native Scottish pinewood sites.  The survey uses standardised ecological field survey methods, now aided by online tools and apps for smartphones and tablets, to measure woodland attributes such as: trees species and canopy; under-storey vegetation (shrubs, ground flora); soils; and woodland management across England, Wales and Scotland.","infrastructureCategory":["Surveys"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["woodland","forestry"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:17.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/ae97c470-d0b2-4134-9f08-30ba41b2ec9a","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/31bf02a1-b0c8-439b-8d1d-f525f16df052"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Woodland Survey is to understand the causes and consequences of change in woodlands across Great Britain since 1971, focusing mainly on ancient broad-leaved woods and Caledonian pine-woods.  Such ancient woodlands contribute to essential ecosystem…","state":"published","title":"British Woodland Survey","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of GMEP is to monitor the impact on the countryside of the Welsh Government sustainable land management scheme, Glastir.  Agriculture covers 81% of Welsh land, and Glastir provides financial support to implement environment-friendly food production practices that improve biodiversity whilst reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.   The purpose of ERAMMP is to model, scenario-test and review evidence on the complex environmental and economic consequences for the Welsh countryside of 60 potential agricultural and woodland management interventions.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"7e6df39e-3084-415a-9824-060e73d3ce00","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"Specialist GMEP teams survey 300 x 1 km squares across Wales over 4-year periods to provide integrated measurements of the whole ecosystem: plant species; soil; soil erosion; headwater streams; ponds; woodland; woody linear features; pollinators; birds; cultural/historic features; footpaths; and landscape features.  Welsh Countryside Monitoring uses UKCEH Countryside Survey methods (listed elsewhere in this Catalogue) to reveal longer historical trends and comparisons, but uses more measures including access, cultural features, birds and pollinators.  GMEP models forecast the improvements Glastir expects to deliver, so that adjustments can be made to land management payments to maximise impact.  To date ERAMMP has delivered nine evidence reviews and tested the possible ecosystem outcomes, interactions and feedback of nearly 60 potential agricultural and woodland management interventions.","infrastructureCategory":["Surveys"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution","Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:56.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/353a4907-3de4-4b6b-af12-9c5c5a12513c","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/7e6df39e-3084-415a-9824-060e73d3ce00"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of GMEP is to monitor the impact on the countryside of the Welsh Government sustainable land management scheme, Glastir.  Agriculture covers 81% of Welsh land, and Glastir provides financial support to implement environment-friendly food production practices…","state":"published","title":"Welsh Countryside Monitoring : Glastir Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (GMEP); and Environment & Rural Affairs Monitoring and Modelling Programme (ERAMMP)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme is to understand how and why environmental concentrations of pollutants vary across space and time, and the risks they pose to wildlife.  Birds of prey act as sentinel indicators of wildlife health because polluting chemicals accumulate as they pass through the food chain to these top predators.  PBMS relies on the public (citizen science) to send bird samples to UKCEH.  The information provided by PBMS informs government regulators of chemical use, chemical manufacturers and environmental researchers.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"6bab24df-3976-4351-8f63-c8d263857f4d","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"PBMS receives bird carcasses from members of the public and eggs from licenced egg collectors.  Carcasses and eggs from across the UK are analysed for chemical and heavy metal pollutants: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs); Second Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides (SGARs); Lead (Pb); Mercury (Hg); Other toxic and essential metals.  Preserved samples of predatory bird tissue are also kept in the Predatory Bird Tissue Bank (see sub-category 4 below).","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Pollution"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","keyword":["Birds","Raptors"],"metadataDate":"2026-01-19T13:47:28.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/e77807df-fa39-46f3-8ddc-47c3681f22a4","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/6bab24df-3976-4351-8f63-c8d263857f4d"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Pollution","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme is to understand how and why environmental concentrations of pollutants vary across space and time, and the risks they pose to wildlife.  Birds of prey act as sentinel indicators of wildlife health because polluting…","state":"published","title":"Predatory Bird Monitoring Scheme (PBMS)","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Lowland Peat Network is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in near real time across lowland peat sites in England and Wales.  It contributes to the wider UK Land Flux Network (listed separately above) which otherwise focuses predominantly on uplands.  Peatlands store very large volumes of carbon, and their performance as a source or sink of greenhouse gases depends on how they are managed.  Quantifying net GHG emissions and storage in peatland is important to meet the UK's GHG accounting commitments, and to inform environmental policy and mitigation actions to achieve Net Zero.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"45273234-051a-4656-8dc0-da71512b149e","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The capabilities of the Lowland Peat Network are similar to the wider UK Land Flux Network.  The Lowland Peat Network provides high-frequency continuous monitoring of CO2 and water fluxes at multiple sites covering geographic, environmental and land-use gradients.  Auxiliary hydrometeorological measurements include temperature, rainfall, energy fluxes, water table, soil moisture.  Some sites also monitor CH4 or N2O.","infrastructureCategory":["Instrumented sites"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Climate change: mitigation"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:37.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/4f8b74f2-e928-4753-b1b1-65e53817ce1f","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/45273234-051a-4656-8dc0-da71512b149e"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Soils and Land Use","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Lowland Peat Network is to monitor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in near real time across lowland peat sites in England and Wales.  It contributes to the wider UK Land Flux Network (listed separately above) which otherwise focuses predominantly on uplands.…","state":"published","title":"Lowland Peat Network","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of the Honey Sample Archive is to preserve biological samples collected from known locations and dates by the National Honey Monitoring Scheme (see sub-category 3 above), which can then be used for future analysis and research.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"2ce874a6-af6d-4029-8801-bbf1cb67b2a3","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"The Honey Sample Archive comprises: (a) A worldwide collection of 1,605 honey samples from 90 countries between 1997 and 2017, including 144 samples from the UK, for which bee food plants have been determined by pollen analysis (melissopalynology); (b) Honey samples collected by the UK National Honey Monitoring Scheme from 2018 onwards (between 800-1000 samples per year), for which bee food plants have been determined by DNA barcoding.  Each honey sample is a geo-located time capsule of the status of floral resources, bee health, diseases and pesticide residues for a given location and date.  ","infrastructureCategory":["Discovery collections"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","locations":["POINT(-1.11081 51.60264)"],"metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:27.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/cc1a755b-f311-4855-8ea2-978aa1eafc4b","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/2ce874a6-af6d-4029-8801-bbf1cb67b2a3"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of the Honey Sample Archive is to preserve biological samples collected from known locations and dates by the National Honey Monitoring Scheme (see sub-category 3 above), which can then be used for future analysis and research.","state":"published","title":"Honey Sample Archive","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]},{"catalogue":"infrastructure","description":"The purpose of GBNNSIP is to collect sightings of, and provide information and alerts for, non-native species across Great Britain.  Invasive non-native species (INNS) are organisms introduced by humans into areas outside their native range, for example through trade and travel.  They cause growing economic, environmental and human health impacts estimated at £1.7bn a year for the UK and €12bn a year for the EU: from farming, aquaculture and horticulture to transport and construction, as well as recreation and human health.  The GBNNSIP online portal and alert system provides a central repository of information on more than 3000 non-native species, of which about 2000 are considered to be established (having sustained populations) in Britain.  It enables policy makers and land managers in the UK (Defra, devolved governments, Overseas Territories) and internationally (UN, other nations) to take action to control INNS and the damage they cause.","documentType":"infrastructurerecord","identifier":"2f8f9c40-c5e0-4933-8330-7ec78fd7b0aa","incomingCitationCount":0,"infrastructureCapabilities":"GBNNSIP provides leadership, coordination, expert support and underlying infrastructure to identify and verify invasive non-native species (INNS), to record sightings, and to provide an alert system for high priority INNS.  UKCEH has led advances that couple citizen science with emerging technology to rapidly improve the quality, quantity and rate of flow of INNS data - for example by introducing online recording through the iRecord website and by developing smartphone apps, such as Asian Hornet Watch, that make it quick and easy for volunteers to report sightings of INNS.","infrastructureCategory":["Wildlife monitoring schemes"],"infrastructureChallenge":["Sustainable ecosystems: biodiversity net gain"],"infrastructureClass":["Environmental observatories"],"infrastructureScale":"UK","metadataDate":"2025-04-09T09:24:56.000Z","recordType":"Science infrastructure","resourceIdentifier":["https://catalogue-staging.ceh.ac.uk/id/5dc8cdba-e8cd-4e30-b07e-9001a40a728b","https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/2f8f9c40-c5e0-4933-8330-7ec78fd7b0aa"],"resourceType":"Science infrastructure","scienceArea":"Biodiversity","shortenedDescription":"The purpose of GBNNSIP is to collect sightings of, and provide information and alerts for, non-native species across Great Britain.  Invasive non-native species (INNS) are organisms introduced by humans into areas outside their native range, for example through trade…","state":"published","title":"GB Non Native Species Information Portal (GBNNSIP) - providing records and alerts for non-native species in Great Britain","version":1.0,"view":["public","phtr"]}],"rows":20,"url":"http://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk:443/infrastructure/documents?facet=infrastructureScale%7CUK"}