Barnett, C.L.; Wells, C.; Izquierdo, M. ; Beresford, N.A.; Walker, L.A.
Element and radionuclide concentrations in wildlife (including representative species of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants) and associated soils from forests in north-east England, 2015-2016
Cite this dataset as:
Barnett, C.L.; Wells, C.; Izquierdo, M. ; Beresford, N.A.; Walker, L.A. (2020). Element and radionuclide concentrations in wildlife (including representative species of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants) and associated soils from forests in north-east England, 2015-2016. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/8f85c188-a915-46ac-966a-95fcb1491be6
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This dataset is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence
https://doi.org/10.5285/8f85c188-a915-46ac-966a-95fcb1491be6
Data comprise stable element concentrations for a range of elements, radionuclide activity concentrations for the isotopes K-40 and Cs-137 and radionuclide and stable element concentration ratios.
Samples of soil, water, vegetation (grasses, trees, herbaceous plants and shrubs), fungi, earthworms, bees, wood mice, bank voles, common frogs, frogspawn and European toads were collected between March 2015 and October 2016 from two forests in north-east England. The study was conducted to target representative terrestrial species of the ICRPs Reference Animals and Plants.
Funding for this work was via the TREE project funded by NERC, the Environment Agency and Radioactive Waste Management Ltd. under the RATE programme.
Samples of soil, water, vegetation (grasses, trees, herbaceous plants and shrubs), fungi, earthworms, bees, wood mice, bank voles, common frogs, frogspawn and European toads were collected between March 2015 and October 2016 from two forests in north-east England. The study was conducted to target representative terrestrial species of the ICRPs Reference Animals and Plants.
Funding for this work was via the TREE project funded by NERC, the Environment Agency and Radioactive Waste Management Ltd. under the RATE programme.
Publication date: 2020-05-07
View numbers valid from 01 June 2023 Download numbers valid from 20 June 2024 (information prior to this was not collected)
Format
Comma-separated values (CSV)
Spatial information
Study area
Spatial representation type
Tabular (text)
Spatial reference system
OSGB 1936 / British National Grid
Temporal information
Temporal extent
2015-03-01 to 2016-10-31
Provenance & quality
Data consist of stable element and radionuclide concentrations, and estimated concentration ratios for biota, soil and water collected from two forests in north-east England (March 2015 to October 2016). Samples were analysed by ICP-MS and, where sample size was sufficient, gamma analysis.
Soil: pH and loss on ignition were determined.
Water: Samples were filtered through Whatman 541 filter paper.
Wood mice: Trapping was conducted using "Longworth" traps. Randomly selected individuals were dissected and a beetle (Dermestes maculatus) colony was used to clean the bones of soft tissue.
Bank voles: Trapping was conducted as for Wood mice. Vole samples were ashed.
Bee species: Pan traps were placed on the ground. Bees collected were bulked by species and homogenised in an agate mortar.
Earthworms: Worms were collected by digging to circa 30 cm, they were rinsed in de-ionised water and placed on damp tissue paper to allow gut evacuation. Samples were bulked by species and homogenised by agate mortar.
Common frogs and spawn: Frogs were collected by hand during darkness. Randomly selected individuals were dissected and a beetle colony used to clean bones. Spawn samples were washed in de-ionised water and freeze-dried prior to homogenisation in an agate mortar.
European toads: Toads were collected as for frogs. Randomly selected individuals had their gastrointestinal tract removed, the remaining carcass was washed in de-ionised water and then ashed.
Roe deer: Deer were obtained via the Forestry Commission. Animals were dissected and all bone/carcass samples were cleaned by placing in a beetle colony. Tissue samples were freeze dried and homogenised using an agate mill or mortar.
Pine Trees: Samples were collected of small branches, needles and heartwood core (sampled using an increment borer). Samples were air dried (~20oC) and the needles and branches subsequently finely ground using an agate mill or mortar (dependent upon size); the core samples were reduced manually to ~5mm in diameter.
Wild grasses: Samples of both leaf and flowering stems were collected. They were air dried and finely ground (using an agate mill or mortar dependent upon sample size).
Herbaceous plants and shrubs: Opportunistic samples were collected from a variety of species abundant at the main sampling sites and from areas where the roe deer were obtained. Samples were air dried and finely ground (using an agate mill or mortar).
Fungi: Opportunistic samples of fungal fruiting bodies were collected mainly from areas where the roe deer were obtained. Samples were identified by species, oven dried (~60oC) and subsequently finely ground (~2mm) using either an agate mortar or "coffee" grinder depending upon sample size. Species were bulked by sampling location and, were possible, by feeding strategy.
ICP-MS analysis was conducted using a Thermo-Fisher Scientific iCAP-Q. Samples subjected to ashing pre-treatment had undissolved black particles in the solutions which suggests digestion was incomplete. Similarly, TMAH digestion is not able to fully digest plant material therefore variable degrees of dissolution were observed; pine tree core samples showed poor dissolution rates and therefore the iodine concentrations reported may be underestimated. Digestion of replicates, reference materials and blanks were undertaken to check accuracy and precision. Detection limits were calculated as three times the standard deviation of the reagent blanks.
Gamma analysis was conducted using hyper-pure germanium detectors calibrated for efficiency using a certified reference solution (National Physics Laboratory R08-04). Spectra were analysed using Canberra Apex software and activity concentrations decay corrected to the day of sampling. Replicate analyses were conducted on random samples and process blanks for quality assurance purposes.
Soil: pH and loss on ignition were determined.
Water: Samples were filtered through Whatman 541 filter paper.
Wood mice: Trapping was conducted using "Longworth" traps. Randomly selected individuals were dissected and a beetle (Dermestes maculatus) colony was used to clean the bones of soft tissue.
Bank voles: Trapping was conducted as for Wood mice. Vole samples were ashed.
Bee species: Pan traps were placed on the ground. Bees collected were bulked by species and homogenised in an agate mortar.
Earthworms: Worms were collected by digging to circa 30 cm, they were rinsed in de-ionised water and placed on damp tissue paper to allow gut evacuation. Samples were bulked by species and homogenised by agate mortar.
Common frogs and spawn: Frogs were collected by hand during darkness. Randomly selected individuals were dissected and a beetle colony used to clean bones. Spawn samples were washed in de-ionised water and freeze-dried prior to homogenisation in an agate mortar.
European toads: Toads were collected as for frogs. Randomly selected individuals had their gastrointestinal tract removed, the remaining carcass was washed in de-ionised water and then ashed.
Roe deer: Deer were obtained via the Forestry Commission. Animals were dissected and all bone/carcass samples were cleaned by placing in a beetle colony. Tissue samples were freeze dried and homogenised using an agate mill or mortar.
Pine Trees: Samples were collected of small branches, needles and heartwood core (sampled using an increment borer). Samples were air dried (~20oC) and the needles and branches subsequently finely ground using an agate mill or mortar (dependent upon size); the core samples were reduced manually to ~5mm in diameter.
Wild grasses: Samples of both leaf and flowering stems were collected. They were air dried and finely ground (using an agate mill or mortar dependent upon sample size).
Herbaceous plants and shrubs: Opportunistic samples were collected from a variety of species abundant at the main sampling sites and from areas where the roe deer were obtained. Samples were air dried and finely ground (using an agate mill or mortar).
Fungi: Opportunistic samples of fungal fruiting bodies were collected mainly from areas where the roe deer were obtained. Samples were identified by species, oven dried (~60oC) and subsequently finely ground (~2mm) using either an agate mortar or "coffee" grinder depending upon sample size. Species were bulked by sampling location and, were possible, by feeding strategy.
ICP-MS analysis was conducted using a Thermo-Fisher Scientific iCAP-Q. Samples subjected to ashing pre-treatment had undissolved black particles in the solutions which suggests digestion was incomplete. Similarly, TMAH digestion is not able to fully digest plant material therefore variable degrees of dissolution were observed; pine tree core samples showed poor dissolution rates and therefore the iodine concentrations reported may be underestimated. Digestion of replicates, reference materials and blanks were undertaken to check accuracy and precision. Detection limits were calculated as three times the standard deviation of the reagent blanks.
Gamma analysis was conducted using hyper-pure germanium detectors calibrated for efficiency using a certified reference solution (National Physics Laboratory R08-04). Spectra were analysed using Canberra Apex software and activity concentrations decay corrected to the day of sampling. Replicate analyses were conducted on random samples and process blanks for quality assurance purposes.
Licensing and constraints
This dataset is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence
Cite this dataset as:
Barnett, C.L.; Wells, C.; Izquierdo, M. ; Beresford, N.A.; Walker, L.A. (2020). Element and radionuclide concentrations in wildlife (including representative species of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants) and associated soils from forests in north-east England, 2015-2016. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/8f85c188-a915-46ac-966a-95fcb1491be6
© UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
© Natural Environment Research Council
Related
This dataset is included in the following collections
Citations
Element and radionuclide concentrations in soils and wildlife from forests in north-eastern England with a focus on species representative of the ICRP's Reference Animals and Plants C.L. Barnett, N.A. Beresford, M.D. Wood, M. Izquierdo, L.A. Walker, R. Fawkes. (2020) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3021–3038. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3021-2020
Supplemental information
Transfer parameters for ICRP reference animals and plants collected from a forest ecosystem. Barnett, C.L.; Beresford, N.A.; Walker, L.A.; Baxter, M.; Wells, C.; Copplestone, D. (2014). Radiation and Environment Biophysics, 53, 125-149.
Correspondence/contact details
Cath Barnett
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg
Lancaster
Lancashire
LA1 4AP
UNITED KINGDOM
enquiries@ceh.ac.uk
Lancaster
Lancashire
LA1 4AP
UNITED KINGDOM
Authors
Barnett, C.L.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Wells, C.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Izquierdo, M.
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research
Walker, L.A.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Other contacts
Rights holder
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
Custodian
NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre
info@eidc.ac.uk
Publisher
NERC Environmental Information Data Centre
info@eidc.ac.uk
Additional metadata
Funding
Natural Environment Research Council Award: NE/L000318/1
Environment Agency
Radioactive Waste Management Ltd
Environment Agency
Radioactive Waste Management Ltd
Last updated
12 March 2024 11:06