European-wide maps of modelled farm-level ecosystem services, 2019

The data is a result of upscaling ecosystem services (ES) across the whole of Europe from five sub-country case studies. Each case study was divided into the NUTS3 regions it covered, which ranged from two to five regions per case study. In total, the data were split into 19 different NUTS3 regions.
The case study data used farm data from 2019, and used the most recent environmental and economic data available, which ranged from 2013 – 2019. The original case study nitrogen export model was a process-based model, namely the InVEST Nutrient Delivery Ratio model. Food production was simulated using the mechanistic WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies) model. Carbon sequestration was modelled using a statistical model. For a more detailed account of the case study models, please see the supporting documentation.
A novel methodology was used for the upscaling. The method used compared the predictive power (R2) of meta-models produced in each case study NUTS3 with the Minkowski distance (a metric of distance in multivariate space) of those regions.
Quality control of each ecosystem service data was mostly carried out through the development of a novel meta-modelling and transferability methodology. The limitations on the data’s reliability vary depending on the specific ecosystem service that was modelled, and are further explained in the supporting documentation.